{ "schemaVersion": 2, "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "targetHost": "drone.office-dashboard.com", "purpose": "Knowledge base, not a flight-control system", "pricePolicy": "Publicly displayed unit prices on the retrieval date. Currencies are not converted. Shipping, import, accessories and final taxes are included only when explicitly stated. Search-engine snippets may be outdated; live-opened pages take precedence.", "products": [ { "id": "baumer-oadm20i6480-s14f", "manufacturer": "Baumer", "name": "OADM 20I6480/S14F (10144601)", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Laser triangulation sensor", "role": "Very precise local distance, preferably on a test rig or in controlled lighting", "amount": 2235.8, "currency": "USD", "tax": "US shop price; tax and shipping not stated", "priceSource": "https://www.wolfautomation.com/laser-distance-sensor-44396", "range": "100–600 mm", "accuracy": "Linearity error ±0.05–2 mm; resolution 15–670 µm. This does not establish an identical total absolute error.", "rate": "Response time <0.9 ms", "weight": "No weight on manufacturer page; retailer lists 0.50 lb (about 227 g), net/shipping weight unclear", "power": "12–28 V DC, max. 100 mA without load", "fov": "Spot beam with 2 mm diameter", "protection": "IP67; Class 2 laser", "interface": "4–20 mA and 0–10 V; PNP alarm; M12, 8-pin", "fit": "High geometric precision around 50 cm, but little ambient-light headroom for sunlight.", "strengths": [ "Measurement range covers the entire 450–550 mm band.", "Small light spot and short response time support precise test-rig experiments." ], "weaknesses": [ "Ambient-light immunity <10 klx is unfavourable in direct sunlight.", "Only 50 mm of headroom between the upper 550 mm target limit and the end of the measurement range." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Regulated 24 V supply, precise analogue input and a custom measurement bridge; scale the output window to the working range and detect out-of-range readings.", "availability": "Exact variant listed by manufacturer; public Wolf Automation price, stock and lead time unclear", "regions": "Baumer international; price source USA", "limits": "Wet glossy surfaces, transparent surfaces and daylight require testing in the actual setup. Linearity is not a complete error budget.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "50 cm is nominally a very good fit; the linearity deviation of up to ±2 mm alone does not establish outdoor flight accuracy. This variant provides no specified distance value above 600 mm.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "Baumer: OADM 20I6480/S14F technical data", "url": "https://www.baumer.com/us/en/product-overview/distance-measurement/laser-distance-sensors/oadm-20i6480-s14f/p/26307" }, { "title": "Wolf Automation: OADM 20I6480/S14F price and retailer weight", "url": "https://www.wolfautomation.com/laser-distance-sensor-44396" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "2,235.80 USD" }, { "id": "baumer-undk-30u6103-s14", "manufacturer": "Baumer", "name": "UNDK 30U6103/S14 (10125521)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 588.9, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://www.elektro4000.de/Steuerungen-Schaltgeraete/Sensoren/Ultraschall/Abstandssensoren/Baumer-Sensor-UNDK-30U6103-S14%3A%3A1001947.html", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "hoch", "sources": [ { "title": "Baumer: current technical specifications for the exact /S14 variant", "url": "https://www.baumer.com/int/en/p/33867" }, { "title": "Baumer: /S14 manual, range and power-up drift", "url": "https://media.baumer.com/m_undk30u6103s14.pdf" }, { "title": "Elektro4000: exact order number and VAT-inclusive price", "url": "https://www.elektro4000.de/Steuerungen-Schaltgeraete/Sensoren/Ultraschall/Abstandssensoren/Baumer-Sensor-UNDK-30U6103-S14%3A%3A1001947.html" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Rectangular ultrasound with analogue output", "tax": "Distributor price includes 19% VAT; shipping extra", "range": "100–1000 mm; 100 mm blind zone in manufacturer documentation", "accuracy": "Repeatability ≤0.5 mm, resolution <0.3 mm; temperature drift ≤2% of target distance. Equivalent overall accuracy is not verified.", "rate": "<80 ms response/release time", "weight": "Net weight not verified", "power": "15–30 V DC, <35 mA without load", "fov": "Manufacturer beam diagram; no verified universal angle", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "0–10 V / 10–0 V, M12; teach-in", "fit": "Alternative form factor for a fixed bench setup; account for its long warm-up period.", "strengths": [ "Teach-in and a straightforward analogue distance signal.", "The 100 mm blind zone leaves geometric margin for 50 cm." ], "weaknesses": [ "Manufacturer specifies approximately 15 minutes to compensate power-up drift.", "0.5 mm repeatability must not be represented as absolute accuracy." ], "integrationNote": "Requires regulated 24 V, a 0–10 V to 3.3 V measurement adapter/ADC and a rangefinder bridge. Measure scaling, warm-up drift and actual response on the assembly.", "availability": "Exact /S14 variant (10125521) listed with a public distributor price; confirm lead time", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is within the manufacturer range. The 0.5 mm repeatability is not a total error bound; 2% temperature drift calculates to 10 mm at 500 mm. Account for warm-up and older conflicting datasheet revisions.", "priceLabel": "588.90 EUR" }, { "id": "dfrobot-a01nyub-sen0313", "manufacturer": "DFRobot", "name": "A01NYUB (SEN0313)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 27, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1934.html", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "mittel", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot: A01NYUB specifications, horn and price", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1934.html" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Enclosed ultrasonic sensor with longer range", "tax": "Manufacturer price; check tax, shipping and import charges separately", "range": "280–7500 mm for a flat target with the horn fitted; 280 mm blind zone", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: ±10 mm; 1 mm resolution specified separately", "rate": "100 ms response time", "weight": "Not verified", "power": "3.3–5 V DC, <15 mA average", "fov": "55° with horn, 40° without horn; range depends on assembly", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "UART, 9600 baud", "fit": "Affordable longer-range comparison; account for the horn and nearby edges in the test setup.", "strengths": [ "Enclosed sensing head with a public manufacturer price.", "Digital output and low supply voltage." ], "weaknesses": [ "The 280 mm blind zone leaves less near-range margin than the A02YYUW.", "A broad beam and 100 ms response complicate fast precise façade tracking." ], "integrationNote": "Use 3.3 V operation or verified level conversion and a UART bridge; pass data age and invalid-echo status to the flight controller. Calibrate the sensor-to-nozzle offset.", "availability": "Listed at USD 27 in the manufacturer shop; confirm stock and horn configuration", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is within nominal range, with the lower target limit only 170 mm beyond the blind zone. The advertised 7.5 m requires the horn; ±10 mm remains a sensor specification under manufacturer conditions.", "priceLabel": "27 USD" }, { "id": "dfrobot-a02yyuw-sen0311", "manufacturer": "DFRobot", "name": "A02YYUW (SEN0311)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 15.9, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1935.html", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "mittel", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot: A02YYUW specifications, ±1 cm and price", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1935.html" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Low-cost enclosed near-range test", "tax": "Manufacturer price; check tax, shipping and import charges separately", "range": "30–4500 mm; 30 mm blind zone", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: ±10 mm; 1 mm resolution is a separate specification", "rate": "100 ms response time", "weight": "Not verified", "power": "3.3–5 V DC, ≤8 mA average", "fov": "60° reference angle; target-dependent acoustic beam", "protection": "IP67; assess the connector and installation separately", "interface": "UART, 9600 baud", "fit": "Affordable candidate for dry and wet glass experiments; account for its broad beam.", "strengths": [ "Short blind zone and low public price.", "Enclosed construction and UART simplify an initial bench setup." ], "weaknesses": [ "The 60° reference angle may include frames, the boom or adjacent surfaces.", "A 100 ms response limits useful control-loop bandwidth." ], "integrationNote": "Use a 3.3 V supply or suitable signal-level conversion; read UART data through a verified rangefinder driver or custom bridge. No native MAVLink/CAN output.", "availability": "Listed at USD 15.90 in the manufacturer shop; confirm stock before ordering", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is well beyond the 30 mm blind zone. The specified ±10 mm leaves theoretical margin under manufacturer conditions, but does not prove ±5 cm nozzle control during spray flight.", "priceLabel": "15.90 USD" }, { "id": "dfrobot-urm09-i2c-sen0304", "manufacturer": "DFRobot", "name": "Gravity URM09 I²C (SEN0304)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 12.9, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1832.html", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "mittel", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot: URM09 I²C specifications and price", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1832.html" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Fast low-cost laboratory ultrasound", "tax": "Manufacturer price; check tax, shipping and import charges separately", "range": "20–5000 mm; selectable 1.5/3/5 m ranges", "accuracy": "Manufacturer lists 1% accuracy and 10 mm resolution; the shop does not explain the percentage reference", "rate": "Up to 50 Hz; shorter range reduces cycle time and sensitivity", "weight": "Not verified", "power": "3.3–5.5 V DC, 20 mA", "fov": "Manufacturer beam diagram; account for target size and range settings", "protection": "Exposed PCB/transducers; no verified IP rating", "interface": "I²C / Gravity, SKU SEN0304; not the analogue version", "fit": "Very inexpensive dry bench platform for measurement timing and software; added covers may alter acoustics.", "strengths": [ "Configurable range, temperature compensation and up to 50 Hz.", "3.3 V-compatible development setup with a low purchase price." ], "weaknesses": [ "Exposed transducers and PCB are unsuitable for direct spray exposure.", "10 mm resolution and an unclear percentage reference do not establish a ±5 mm accuracy guarantee." ], "integrationNote": "Keep I²C wires short and match pull-ups to the flight controller’s 3.3 V logic; verify a driver for the exact firmware version or build a bridge. Do not confuse it with the SEN0307 analogue variant.", "availability": "SEN0304 listed at USD 12.90 in the manufacturer shop; confirm stock", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is within range. The advertised 1% and 10 mm output steps do not establish absolute ±5 mm accuracy at 500 mm; treat this as a laboratory candidate.", "priceLabel": "12.90 USD" }, { "id": "dfrobot-urm14", "manufacturer": "DFRobot", "name": "URM14", "amount": 99, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2173.html", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot shop: technical data and price", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2173.html" }, { "title": "DFRobot wiki with differing introduction", "url": "https://wiki.dfrobot.com/sen0358/" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "role": "Close distance / glass test", "range": "0.10–1.50 m", "accuracy": "Shop: ±0.3% measurement error; wiki instead states ±0.1%. Clarification required.", "fit": "Initial test-rig candidate for local distance, particularly on glass.", "limits": "Reflections from smooth glass depend on angle. Rotor airflow, droplets on the membrane and spray mist require testing.", "tax": "Displayed shop price; tax status unconfirmed. Check shipping and import costs separately.", "rate": "30 Hz", "weight": "Not verified", "protection": "IP65", "interface": "RS485 / Modbus RTU", "priceLabel": "99 USD", "strengths": [ "Ultrasound can also detect transparent surfaces.", "Affordable for a fixed close-range test setup, with an IP65 housing." ], "weaknesses": [ "Smooth glass can reflect the echo away at oblique incidence.", "Shop and wiki disagree on the error specification; rotor airflow and wetting are untested." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Allow for an RS485 transceiver or bridge, Modbus decoding and a rangefinder data path checked against the specific firmware version.", "power": "7–15 V DC, up to 350 mA instantaneous current", "fov": "12° ±2° (-6dB)", "priceStatus": "US$99", "availability": "Publicly priced; confirm stock.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm lies within the nominal range. First resolve conflicting manufacturer specifications (shop ±0.3%, wiki ±0.1%) and test rotor airflow, spray water and angled glass on a rig." }, { "id": "leuze-odsl30-d232-01-30m-s12", "manufacturer": "Leuze electronic", "name": "ODSL 30/D232.01-30M-S12 (50147335)", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Industrial laser distance sensor", "role": "Precision reference; weight unfavourable for small drones", "amount": 3118.08, "currency": "USD", "tax": "US shop price; tax and shipping not stated", "priceSource": "https://excelautomationinc.com/product/odsl-30-d232-01-30m-s12/", "range": "0.20–30 m at 6–90% diffuse reflectance; up to 65 m at 90%", "accuracy": "±2 mm at 90% or ±5 mm at 6% diffuse reflectance; observe referencing requirements. Resolution 1 mm; repeatability 2 mm (3σ).", "rate": "30–100 ms response time", "weight": "650 g net", "power": "10–30 V DC", "fov": "Collimated spot beam; 6 mm at 10 m", "protection": "IP67; Class 2 laser", "interface": "RS232; two push-pull switching outputs; M12, 8-pin", "fit": "Well documented measurement reference; calculate payload and size before flight use.", "strengths": [ "Millimetre error specification and broad measurement range.", "Integrated polarisation filter for glossy materials." ], "weaknesses": [ "650 g and 79 × 69 × 150 mm do not make a lightweight drone solution.", "Allow for 30–100 ms response and temperature drift up to 0.5 mm/K." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "24 V DC/DC supply, RS232 level converter and protocol adapter to the flight controller; RS232 is not TTL UART.", "availability": "Exact variant listed by Leuze and an authorised retailer; request lead time", "regions": "Leuze EU/international; public price from USA", "limits": "Reflectance specifications apply to diffuse reference targets, not universally to transparent wet windows; the filter alone does not guarantee glass distance measurements.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm lies within range. Static ±2/±5 mm looks promising; high weight, referencing, motion lag and glass backscatter may nevertheless rule out drone use.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "Leuze: ODSL 30/D232.01-30M-S12 technical data", "url": "https://www.leuze.com/en-uk/odsl-30-d232.01-30m-s12/50147335" }, { "title": "Excel Automation: exact variant and public price", "url": "https://excelautomationinc.com/product/odsl-30-d232-01-30m-s12/" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "3,118.08 USD" }, { "id": "lightware-lw20-ha", "manufacturer": "LightWare", "name": "LW20/HA", "amount": 389, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://nwblue.com/products/lw20-ha-100-m", "sources": [ { "title": "LightWare manufacturer shop: specifications and price", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/lw20-ha/" }, { "title": "Price source checked on 23 October 2026", "url": "https://nwblue.com/products/lw20-ha-100-m" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point LiDAR", "role": "Outdoor optical cross-check", "range": "0.20–100 m", "accuracy": "<1 cm at 20–30 °C; <2 cm at 15–20 / 30–35 °C; <5 cm at 0–15 / 35–50 °C; <10 cm at −20–0 / 50–60 °C.", "fit": "Enclosed optical test candidate; US$30 more than the SF20/HA.", "limits": "Error limit remains temperature dependent. IP67 establishes housing protection, not measurement quality on glass or in spray mist.", "tax": "Displayed shop price; tax status unconfirmed. Check shipping and import costs separately.", "rate": "48–1,250 Hz", "weight": "19.5 g", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "UART / I²C", "priceLabel": "389 USD", "strengths": [ "IP67 housing at only 19.5 g.", "Precise optical cross-check candidate within the specified temperature window." ], "weaknesses": [ "Observe the temperature bands, with errors up to less than 10 cm at extreme temperatures.", "Housing protection prevents neither measuring through glass nor interference from mist echoes." ], "integration": "gering", "integrationNote": "Use UART/I²C with a verified autopilot driver; measurement direction, mounting and sensor validity must match the controller.", "power": "No reliable figure in the reviewed excerpt; check manufacturer datasheet before design", "fov": "Single beam; first and last returns can be evaluated", "priceStatus": "US$389", "availability": "NW Blue lists LW20/HA at USD389 as In stock and includes Germany in its country menu; confirm final price and shipping. Manufacturer shop itself: backorder.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "50 cm is within range; the HA accuracy below 1 cm applies at 20–30 °C. Temperature dependence, glass and sensor geometry can substantially reduce headroom." }, { "id": "lightware-sf20-ha", "manufacturer": "LightWare", "name": "SF20/HA", "amount": 359, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf20-ha/", "sources": [ { "title": "LightWare manufacturer shop: specifications and price", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf20-ha/" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point LiDAR", "role": "Precise optical cross-check", "range": "0.20–100 m", "accuracy": "<1 cm at 20–30 °C; <2 cm at 15–20 / 30–35 °C; <5 cm at 0–15 / 35–50 °C; <10 cm at −20–0 / 50–60 °C.", "fit": "Lightweight optical cross-check sensor for suitable, non-transparent surfaces.", "limits": "Temperature-dependent error limit. No evidence of reliable measurements on wet glass.", "tax": "Excluding taxes; available on backorder", "rate": "48–1,250 Hz", "weight": "7.5 g", "protection": "No IP rating stated", "interface": "USB / UART / I²C", "priceLabel": "359 USD", "strengths": [ "Very light at 7.5 g, with a high available measurement rate.", "Manufacturer specifies error below 1 cm under suitable conditions at 20–30 °C." ], "weaknesses": [ "Substantially wider error limits outside the favourable temperature window.", "No IP rating in the reviewed product excerpt and no demonstrated operation on wet glass." ], "integration": "gering", "integrationNote": "UART/I²C and manufacturer autopilot guidance simplify the data path. Protection, mounting orientation and parameter settings remain project specific.", "power": "No reliable figure in the reviewed excerpt; check manufacturer datasheet before design", "fov": "Single beam; first and last returns can be evaluated", "priceStatus": "US$359", "availability": "Available on manufacturer backorder", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "50 cm can be measured. Below 1 cm is only specified at 20–30 °C; at 0–15 °C it is already below 5 cm. Test glass, spray water and dynamic flight errors separately." }, { "id": "maxbotix-mb1242", "manufacturer": "MaxBotix", "name": "MB1242 I2CXL-MaxSonar-EZ4", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 34.95, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://maxbotix.com/products/mb1242", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "mittel", "sources": [ { "title": "MaxBotix: MB1242 specifications and price", "url": "https://maxbotix.com/products/mb1242" }, { "title": "MaxBotix: I2CXL-EZ datasheet with temperature and target-size limitations", "url": "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0550/8091/0899/files/I2CXL-MAXSONAR-EZ_DATASHEET-PD11848.pdf?v=1699290657" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Compact I²C ultrasound for large targets", "tax": "Manufacturer price; check tax, shipping and import charges separately", "range": "200–7650 mm; reports the nearest detectable target", "accuracy": "1 cm resolution; no verified general absolute error bound. Target size can bias the result.", "rate": "Up to 40 Hz under suitable conditions; above 10 Hz reflective environments may produce old-echo readings", "weight": "Not verified", "power": "3–5.5 V DC; measure actual current in the assembly", "fov": "Narrowest beam in the I2CXL-EZ family; still depends on target size and distance", "protection": "Exposed PCB and transducer; no verified IP rating", "interface": "I²C; configurable address", "fit": "Software/laboratory comparison for larger flat targets; water protection requires separate development.", "strengths": [ "Affordable digital I²C module with modest bench integration work.", "The EZ4 variant targets large objects and greater noise tolerance within its family." ], "weaknesses": [ "No speed-of-sound temperature correction or target-size compensation.", "Exposed construction is vulnerable to water; maximum update rate depends on the environment." ], "integrationNote": "Use I²C pull-ups compatible with 3.3 V, short wiring and an appropriate firmware driver/bridge. The sensor may NACK while measuring; handle measurement age correctly.", "availability": "Listed at USD 34.95 in the manufacturer shop; confirm stock", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is above the 200 mm minimum distance. A 1 cm output step does not establish ±1 cm accuracy; measure temperature and target-size effects on the bench.", "priceLabel": "34.95 USD" }, { "id": "maxbotix-mb7066-100", "manufacturer": "MaxBotix", "name": "MB7066-100 XL-MaxSonar-WRL1", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 99.95, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://maxbotix.com/products/mb7066", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "mittel", "sources": [ { "title": "MaxBotix: MB7066 housing options and price", "url": "https://maxbotix.com/products/mb7066" }, { "title": "MaxBotix: XL-WR datasheet, minimum distance and signal format", "url": "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0550/8091/0899/files/11838.pdf?v=1726579738" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Weather-resistant 10 m ultrasonic comparison", "tax": "Manufacturer starting price for the standard housing; options, tax and shipping extra", "range": "200–10,680 mm in the full-horn housing; target-dependent", "accuracy": "1 cm serial increments, 2 cm analogue steps; no verified absolute error bound for flight", "rate": "10 Hz", "weight": "Nominal 50 g in the full-horn housing", "power": "3–5.5 V DC; about 3.4 mA average and 100 mA peak at 5 V", "fov": "Target-dependent acoustic beam according to manufacturer diagrams", "protection": "IP67 with correct installation; protect the exposed rear/pin connections separately", "interface": "Pulse width, analogue voltage, inverted RS232 data format at 0–Vcc levels", "fit": "Affordable outdoor comparison with ample range; account for absent temperature compensation and its signal format.", "strengths": [ "Full-horn enclosure with a nominal range well beyond 50 cm.", "Several simultaneous outputs and low average current consumption." ], "weaknesses": [ "No speed-of-sound compensation for temperature changes.", "Serial output is not ordinary TTL UART; analogue output has 2 cm steps." ], "integrationNote": "Order the exact full-horn -100 configuration. A UART input needs appropriate inversion and 3.3 V level conversion; pulse-width or ADC input is an alternative. Verify temperature correction and the rangefinder bridge.", "availability": "MB7066 listed from USD 99.95 in the manufacturer shop; confirm the -100 option and stock", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is outside the MB7066-100 minimum distance of 200 mm. The family datasheet does not establish general ±1 cm absolute accuracy; do not transfer another MaxBotix model’s 500 mm limit to this SKU.", "priceLabel": "99.95 USD" }, { "id": "maxbotix-mb7389-100", "manufacturer": "MaxBotix", "name": "MB7389-100 HRXL-MaxSonar-WRMT", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Weather-resistant ultrasonic", "role": "Affordable supplementary sensor; limited suitability for 45–55 cm", "amount": 109.95, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Manufacturer starting price for standard housing; tax, shipping/import and options extra", "priceSource": "https://maxbotix.com/products/mb7389", "range": "300–5000 mm; below 300 mm typically outputs 300 mm", "accuracy": "Typically ±1% or better according to series datasheet; serial resolution 1 mm, analogue resolution 5 mm. Housing and near field affect errors.", "rate": "6.66 Hz with stability filter", "weight": "About 50 g in Full Horn housing; confirm selected housing option", "power": "2.7–5.5 V DC; manufacturer shop states 2.9 mA average; some performance loss below 5 V", "fov": "Target-dependent acoustic beam; reports strongest echo, not necessarily the nearest object", "protection": "IP67 when mounted correctly; separately seal pins/cable connection", "interface": "TTL serial 9600 baud, pulse width and analogue voltage", "fit": "Simple, low-power supplementary measurement; preferably use a sensor distance above 50 cm.", "strengths": [ "Public manufacturer price and low supply voltage.", "Serial millimetre values simplify a custom measurement bridge." ], "weaknesses": [ "Manufacturer advises against distances below 50 cm when 100% measurement reliability is required.", "Strongest-echo reporting and internal filters can distort edges/secondary targets or motion." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Filtered 5 V supply, suitable TTL levels and firmware bridge; do not connect a 5 V output to a 3.3 V input without checking compatibility. Calibrate sensor origin relative to nozzle.", "availability": "Manufacturer lists US$109.95 and ordering options; confirm exact -100 configuration and lead time", "regions": "US manufacturer with international distributors; EU import costs unclear", "limits": "Manufacturer describes additional near-field effects at 30–50 cm. Glass angle, spray water and rotor airflow are not universally covered.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "The 450–550 mm target band goes below the manufacturer recommendation of 500 mm for highest reliability. Therefore not a first choice as the sole control sensor; consider moving the sensor so its measurement path always remains >500 mm.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "MaxBotix: MB7389 variants, price and technical overview", "url": "https://maxbotix.com/products/mb7389" }, { "title": "MaxBotix: current HRXL datasheet with near-range limits", "url": "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0550/8091/0899/files/11500.pdf?v=1776367207" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "109.95 USD" }, { "id": "pepperl-fuchs-uc1000-18gs-iuep-io-v15", "manufacturer": "Pepperl+Fuchs", "name": "UC1000-18GS-IUEP-IO-V15 (304928-100003)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 243.2, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://industry-electronics.de/pepperlfuchs/304928-100003-uc1000-18gs-iuep-io-v15-ultraschallsensor-lieske_833777.htm", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "hoch", "sources": [ { "title": "Pepperl+Fuchs: 304928-100003 datasheet with full-scale references", "url": "https://files.pepperl-fuchs.com/webcat/navi/productInfo/pds/304928-100003_eng.pdf" }, { "title": "Lieske: exact variant, single-unit price and tax status", "url": "https://industry-electronics.de/pepperlfuchs/304928-100003-uc1000-18gs-iuep-io-v15-ultraschallsensor-lieske_833777.htm" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Compact M18 ultrasound with IO-Link diagnostics", "tax": "Distributor price excluding VAT and shipping", "range": "70–1000 mm; adjustable evaluation range 90–1000 mm", "accuracy": "Characteristic deviation ≤±1% of full scale; repeatability ≤±0.1% of full scale; temperature influence ≤±0.75% of full scale after warm-up", "rate": "Minimum 28 ms response delay, factory setting 56 ms; sensor cycle ≥14 ms", "weight": "45 g", "power": "10–30 V DC, ≤1 W, ≤60 mA no-load current", "fov": "Adjustable beam width; target dependence remains", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "IO-Link 1.1 COM2, 4–20 mA/0–10 V, push-pull, synchronization; 5-pin M12", "fit": "Compact candidate with digital diagnostics and a shorter documented response.", "strengths": [ "45 g, short blind zone and adjustable acoustic beam.", "IO-Link measurements and diagnostics alongside the analogue output." ], "weaknesses": [ "Accuracy percentages refer to the 1 m full-scale value, not to 500 mm.", "Requires an IO-Link master/bridge and a regulated higher-voltage supply." ], "integrationNote": "Use a 24 V DC/DC converter and IO-Link master with a companion bridge, or a safely scaled ADC. Do not equate a 3 ms IO-Link cycle with the acoustic response delay.", "availability": "Manufacturer datasheet dated May 2026 and public single-unit price; delivery time on request", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is within nominal range. ±1% of 1 m means ±10 mm characteristic deviation; also account for the separate temperature influence. The datasheet specifies two minutes of warm-up with enhanced compensation.", "priceLabel": "243.20 EUR" }, { "id": "pepperl-fuchs-uc2000-30gm-iuep-io-v15-y", "manufacturer": "Pepperl+Fuchs", "name": "UC2000-30GM-IUEP-IO-V15-Y (70137787)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Industrial ultrasonic", "role": "Test direct close-range distance, including transparent surfaces", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "No reliable public price verified; quotation required", "priceSource": "https://files.pepperl-fuchs.com/webcat/navi/productInfo/pds/70137787_eng.pdf", "range": "90–2000 mm; adjustable evaluation range from 120 mm", "accuracy": "Characteristic deviation ≤0.2% of full scale; repeatability ≤0.1% of full scale; temperature influence up to 1.5% of full scale. Resolution ≥0.35 mm.", "rate": "Response delay min. 65 ms, factory setting 125 ms; IO-Link cycle min. 33.6 ms", "weight": "72 g", "power": "10–30 V DC, ≤1 W; voltage output from 15 V", "fov": "Adjustable acoustic beam; target-size-dependent diagram rather than a fixed FOV angle", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "IO-Link 1.0, 4–20 mA or 0–10 V, synchronisation; M12, 5-pin", "fit": "Lightweight industrial ultrasonic sensor with sufficient close range; interesting URM14 alternative.", "strengths": [ "72 g and a 90 mm blind zone geometrically suit 50 cm.", "Selectable acoustic beam and synchronisation support multiple sensor heads." ], "weaknesses": [ "Percentages refer to full scale, not automatically to 500 mm.", "Analogue smoothing and echo behaviour limit usable dynamics." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Regulated 24 V plus IO-Link master or current/voltage ADC and a custom rangefinder bridge; output cycle is not equivalent to measurement response.", "availability": "Current manufacturer datasheet and specific order number available; request price and lead time from sales", "regions": "EU and international through Pepperl+Fuchs sales", "limits": "Smooth glass at oblique incidence can cause echo loss; test rotor airflow, temperature gradients, mist and a wet membrane.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is well outside the blind zone. At 2 m full scale, 0.2% calculates to 4 mm, but 1.5% temperature influence is 30 mm; this is not a universal ±4 mm total accuracy.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "Pepperl+Fuchs: datasheet 70137787 with error references and weight", "url": "https://files.pepperl-fuchs.com/webcat/navi/productInfo/pds/70137787_eng.pdf" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request" }, { "id": "pololu-vl53l1x-3415", "manufacturer": "Pololu / STMicroelectronics", "name": "VL53L1X Carrier · Pololu 3415", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF development board", "role": "Affordable 50 cm laboratory test with adjustable field of view", "amount": 22.95, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Public USD unit price; tax status not stated. Check shipping and possible import duties separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.pololu.com/product/3415", "range": "0.04–4 m in favourable dark conditions; Short mode typically up to 1.3 m with higher ambient-light immunity.", "accuracy": "ST datasheet: typically ±20 mm in darkness and ±25 mm in the defined ambient-light tests; depends on mode, timing budget and target.", "rate": "Pololu driver: up to 50 Hz Short; 30 Hz Medium/Long. Do not assume the 100 ms datasheet accuracy at the maximum rate.", "weight": "0.5 g without headers", "power": "Carrier: 2.6–5.5 V; 20 mA typical, up to 40 mA peak", "fov": "27° full; ROI can reduce this to about 15°", "protection": "Open board without IP rating", "interface": "I²C; XSHUT and interrupt", "fit": "Affordable rig for matt surfaces and shading; not a ready-to-use outdoor sensor.", "strengths": [ "Very affordable, below 1 g, with regulator/level shifting for fast laboratory integration.", "ROI enables controlled experiments with a narrower field of view." ], "weaknesses": [ "Wide field of view can simultaneously detect frames, the nozzle or multiple facade sections.", "Sunlight, cover windows and wetness reduce range or produce unwanted returns; custom sealing required." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Develop custom firmware, timing budget, offset/crosstalk calibration and cover window; do not assume a ready-made flight-controller driver.", "availability": "Pololu: active/preferred; US$22.95; backorders allowed, immediate stock unconfirmed.", "limits": "Typical laboratory table values are not a worst-case guarantee for glass/sunlight/spray. The device does not produce a simultaneously dense depth map.", "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "50 cm is generally within range; typical ±20–25 mm mathematically leaves some headroom. A laboratory candidate only: allowance for offset, angle, latency, flight motion and outdoor conditions remains unproven.", "sources": [ { "title": "Pololu: carrier 3415, price and board parameters", "url": "https://www.pololu.com/product/3415" }, { "title": "STMicroelectronics: VL53L1X datasheet, provided by Pololu", "url": "https://www.pololu.com/file/0J1506/vl53l1x.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "22.95 USD" }, { "id": "pololu-vl53l4cd-3692", "manufacturer": "Pololu / STMicroelectronics", "name": "VL53L4CD Carrier · Pololu 3692", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF development board", "role": "Short-range laboratory test at 50 cm", "amount": 13.95, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Public USD unit price; tax status not stated. Check shipping and possible import duties separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.pololu.com/product/3692", "range": "1 mm–1.2 m under favourable conditions; valid range can fall below 50 cm in overcast outdoor light with a dark target.", "accuracy": "ST at 33 ms and >200 mm: indoors typically ±3% (white) / ±4% (grey); outdoors overcast typically ±8%. At least 90% of readings within the stated limits.", "rate": "Up to 100 Hz; 33 ms accuracy figures do not automatically apply at 100 Hz.", "weight": "0.5 g without headers", "power": "Carrier: 2.6–5.5 V; 25 mA typical, up to 40 mA peak", "fov": "18° diagonal", "protection": "Open board without IP rating", "interface": "I²C; XSHUT and interrupt", "fit": "Very affordable close-range experiment on dry, matt reference surfaces; test outdoor capability first.", "strengths": [ "Short minimum distance and low weight facilitate experiments near the nozzle.", "Regulator and level shifting are already included on the affordable board." ], "weaknesses": [ "At 50 cm, ±8% already means about ±4 cm, leaving little allowance for flight and mounting errors.", "A dark target in outdoor light can fall outside the valid range before 50 cm; no sealing." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Design a custom enclosure, temperature/offset calibration, measurement-status handling and timing budget; not a ready-made drone distance controller.", "availability": "Pololu: active/preferred; US$13.95; backorders allowed, immediate stock unconfirmed.", "limits": "1 mm resolution does not mean 1 mm accuracy. At 33 ms, ST states a typical range of 450 mm indoors for grey 17% targets at 90% valid readings, and only 400 mm outdoors overcast; 50 cm is not promised there.", "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "At 50 cm on a white target, calculated typical error is ±15 mm indoors and about ±40 mm outdoors overcast. Grey 17% targets at 50 cm already exceed the typical range at 90% valid readings. Nozzle control within ±5 cm remains unproven.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Pololu: carrier 3692, price and board parameters", "url": "https://www.pololu.com/product/3692" }, { "title": "STMicroelectronics: VL53L4CD datasheet Rev. 8, provided by Pololu", "url": "https://www.pololu.com/file/0J2060/vl53l4cd.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "13.95 USD" }, { "id": "sick-dt35-b15251", "manufacturer": "SICK", "name": "DT35-B15251 (1057652)", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Industrial laser distance sensor", "role": "Direct facade distance; lightweight industrial laser", "amount": 701.22, "currency": "USD", "tax": "US shop price includes stated tariffs; tax and shipping depend on destination", "priceSource": "https://www.newark.com/sick/dt35-b15251/photo-sensor-12m-laser-npn-pnp/dp/54AK5716", "range": "0.05–12 m at 90% remission and Speed=Slow; up to 3.1 m at 6%", "accuracy": "Typically ±10 mm; resolution 0.1 mm. Repeatability is separate and depends on speed.", "rate": "2.5–96.5 ms response time; output every 1–32 ms depending on setting", "weight": "65 g, without bracket/cable", "power": "12–30 V DC, ≤1.7 W; IO-Link requires >18 V", "fov": "Single measurement spot; typically 15 × 15 mm at 2 m", "protection": "IP65/IP67; Class 2 laser", "interface": "IO-Link 1.1, 4–20 mA or 0–10 V; M12, 5-pin", "fit": "Interesting rig candidate for 50 cm on diffusely reflecting surfaces.", "strengths": [ "65 g is favourable for an industrial sensor.", "Typical measurement error is well below the 50 mm target band." ], "weaknesses": [ "40 klx ambient-light immunity and glass reflections limit outdoor applications.", "Allow 20 minutes of warm-up for specified conditions." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Regulated 24 V supply plus analogue ADC or IO-Link master and rangefinder bridge; not a direct TTL UART device.", "availability": "Newark listed 10 units; confirm stock and EU delivery before ordering", "regions": "SICK international; price source USA", "limits": "Test glass, wet/glossy surfaces and spray mist in the measurement path; IP67 does not guarantee a valid reading with wet optics.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm lies within range. Typically ±10 mm does not guarantee ±5 cm nozzle guidance: incidence angle, mounting offset, flight motion and latency add further errors.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "SICK: DT35-B15251 datasheet, 1057652", "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/3/53/353/dataSheet_DT35-B15251_1057652_en.pdf" }, { "title": "Newark: DT35-B15251 unit price and stock", "url": "https://www.newark.com/sick/dt35-b15251/photo-sensor-12m-laser-npn-pnp/dp/54AK5716" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "701.22 USD" }, { "id": "sick-um18-218126111", "manufacturer": "SICK", "name": "UM18-218126111 (6048404)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 326.23, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://nl.rs-online.com/web/p/proximity-sensors/2125525", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "hoch", "sources": [ { "title": "SICK: current UM18-218126111 datasheet", "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/7/67/767/dataSheet_UM18-218126111_6048404_en.pdf" }, { "title": "RS Netherlands: single-unit price for the exact variant", "url": "https://nl.rs-online.com/web/p/proximity-sensors/2125525" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Lightweight M18 industrial sensor for 50 cm", "tax": "RS Netherlands: excluding VAT and shipping", "range": "120–1000 mm operating range; 1300 mm limiting range", "accuracy": "±1% of current measured distance, ±0.15% repeatability; resolution ≥0.069 mm", "rate": "80 ms response, 20 ms output interval; smoothing may increase response time", "weight": "25 g", "power": "10–30 V DC, ≤1.2 W without load", "fov": "Target-dependent acoustic beam according to manufacturer diagram", "protection": "IP65/IP67", "interface": "4–20 mA, 5-pin M12; synchronization/multiplexing", "fit": "A useful lightweight industrial comparison with URM14 and pico+100/I.", "strengths": [ "25 g with accuracy explicitly referenced to measured distance.", "120 mm blind zone and synchronization for multiple heads." ], "weaknesses": [ "Requires a 24 V supply and a 4–20 mA measurement input.", "The 20 ms output interval is faster than the actual 80 ms response." ], "integrationNote": "Provide regulated 24 V, a current receiver/ADC with a 3.3 V-safe output, and a rangefinder bridge. Measure filtering, timestamps and multiplex rate for the complete control loop.", "availability": "Exact variant appears in the manufacturer catalogue and RS single-unit listing; confirm delivery", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is within operating range. ±1% calculates to ±5 mm at 500 mm under manufacturer conditions; this does not prove dynamic ±5 cm performance in wind and spray.", "priceLabel": "326.23 EUR" }, { "id": "sick-um30-213113", "manufacturer": "SICK", "name": "UM30-213113 (6036918)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Industrial ultrasonic", "role": "Direct distance measurement with a clear error reference", "amount": 1059.65, "currency": "USD", "tax": "US shop price; tax and shipping not stated", "priceSource": "https://us.rs-online.com/product/sick/um30-213113/70875246/", "range": "200–1300 mm operating range; limiting range 2000 mm", "accuracy": "±1% of the current measured value; repeatability ±0.15%; resolution ≥0.18 mm", "rate": "92 ms response; 23 ms output interval. Additional smoothing may extend response.", "weight": "150 g", "power": "9–30 V DC, ≤2.4 W; 0–10 V output at 15–30 V", "fov": "Adjustable acoustic beam; target detection according to manufacturer diagram", "protection": "IP65/IP67", "interface": "4–20 mA or 0–10 V, synchronisation/multiplexing; M12, 5-pin", "fit": "Industrial alternative with documented measurement accuracy; relatively expensive.", "strengths": [ "±1% explicitly refers to the current distance.", "Configurable synchronisation/multiplexing and measurement filters." ], "weaknesses": [ "150 g and high unit price make multiple measurement directions harder to implement.", "A 23 ms output interval does not mean a 23 ms response to a distance change." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Allow for regulated 24 V and an analogue ADC with MAVLink/rangefinder bridge; account for filters and timestamps in flight testing.", "availability": "RS USA listed 16 units with a public price; obtain EU quotation separately", "regions": "SICK international; price source USA", "limits": "Temperature compensation does not establish robustness against rotor airflow or a wet membrane; echoes can be lost on smooth angled glass.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "At 500 mm, ±1% calculates to ±5 mm under manufacturer conditions. 450–550 mm lies within the operating range; dynamic nozzle guidance within ±5 cm requires separate verification.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "SICK: UM30-213113 datasheet with percentage references", "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/7/57/357/dataSheet_UM30-213113_6036918_en.pdf" }, { "title": "RS: UM30-213113 unit price and stock", "url": "https://us.rs-online.com/product/sick/um30-213113/70875246/" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "1,059.65 USD" }, { "id": "ifm-o1d100", "manufacturer": "ifm electronic", "name": "O1D100 / O1DLF3KG/IO-LINK", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Industrial laser distance sensor", "role": "Direct distance with documented light/colour errors", "amount": 570.9, "currency": "USD", "tax": "US list price; taxes, shipping and possible duties extra", "priceSource": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ifm-efector-inc/O1D100/12144829", "range": "0.20–10 m on white reference target; black up to 4 m", "accuracy": "At 0.2–1 m/50 Hz: ±15 mm white or ±18 mm grey below 40 klx; ±26.5 mm at 40–100 klx. This is not repeatability.", "rate": "1–50 Hz; accuracy depends on sampling rate and light", "weight": "243.5 g", "power": "18–30 V DC; <150 mA", "fov": "Single measurement spot; max. 25 mm at 10 m", "protection": "IP67; Class 2 laser", "interface": "IO-Link 1.1, 4–20 mA/0–10 V, PNP; M12", "fit": "Well documented industrial comparison for diffuse facades, with higher weight.", "strengths": [ "Error tables account for 50 Hz and strong ambient light.", "Analogue output and IO-Link facilitate reproducible rig measurements." ], "weaknesses": [ "About 244 g plus cabling and converters adds aircraft load.", "Reflective/wet glass is not covered by error tables based on paper targets." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "24 V DC/DC, 4–20 mA input or IO-Link master and bridge required; transfer readings to the flight controller with timestamps and validity checks.", "availability": "DigiKey listed 27 units; confirm internationally deliverable variant and lead time", "regions": "ifm international; price source USA", "limits": "Reference data applies under constant ambient conditions and after warm-up; separately test raindrops, oblique views and spray mist.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "50 cm falls within the error specifications for 200–1000 mm. ±15–26.5 mm leaves static allowance relative to the ±50 mm goal; total flight error and measurement dropouts are not established by this.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "ifm: O1D100 technical data", "url": "https://www.ifm.com/gb/en/product/O1D100" }, { "title": "ifm: datasheet with 50 Hz error tables", "url": "https://media.ifm.com/dam/5d768386-a477-443e-969c-ce7e978f0937/Original/O1D100-06_EN-GB.pdf" }, { "title": "DigiKey: O1D100 unit price and stock", "url": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ifm-efector-inc/O1D100/12144829" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "570.90 USD" }, { "id": "microsonic-lpc-plus-100-cfi", "manufacturer": "microsonic", "name": "lpc+100/CFI (36310)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 301.3, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://www.gsd-automatisme.com/produit/80179/capteurs-a-ultrasons/cylindriques/microsonic/lpc100/cfi", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "hoch", "sources": [ { "title": "microsonic: lpc+100/CFI specifications and IO-Link process data", "url": "https://www.microsonic.de/en/sensordetail/lpc%2B100-CFI" }, { "title": "GSD Automatisme: exact CFI variant and net single-unit price", "url": "https://www.gsd-automatisme.com/produit/80179/capteurs-a-ultrasons/cylindriques/microsonic/lpc100/cfi" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Lightweight IO-Link ultrasound with analogue option", "tax": "French distributor price excluding VAT and shipping", "range": "120–1000 mm operating range; 1300 mm limiting range", "accuracy": "±1% with internal temperature compensation; ±0.15% repeatability", "rate": "80 ms response delay; minimum IO-Link cycle 20 ms", "weight": "35 g", "power": "10–30 V DC, ≤50 mA without load", "fov": "Target-dependent manufacturer acoustic beam diagram", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "IO-Link COM2 distance data, 4–20 mA, push-pull; synchronization/multiplexing; 5-pin M12", "fit": "Compact industrial comparison with a digital distance value rather than only a switching signal.", "strengths": [ "35 g with an IO-Link distance value and scaled process data.", "Analogue output, synchronization and multiplexing are also available." ], "weaknesses": [ "An IO-Link master or analogue adapter adds system weight and cost.", "A 20 ms data cycle does not mean a 20 ms distance response." ], "integrationNote": "Use regulated 24 V plus an IO-Link master and companion bridge, or a 4–20 mA ADC. Decode process-data scaling and error states according to the IODD; never connect 24 V directly to the Cube.", "availability": "Current manufacturer page and public single-unit price at GSD Automatisme; confirm delivery", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm falls within operating range and above the 120 mm blind zone. Temperature-compensated accuracy does not establish performance in rotor airflow and spray.", "priceLabel": "301.30 EUR" }, { "id": "microsonic-mic-plus-130-iu-tc", "manufacturer": "microsonic", "name": "mic+130/IU/TC (22 320)", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Industrial ultrasonic", "role": "Precise ultrasonic comparison on a facade test rig", "amount": 284.7, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Net, plus VAT and shipping", "priceSource": "https://www.automation24.de/ultraschallsensor-microsonic-mic-130-iu-tc", "range": "200–1300 mm operating range; limiting range 2000 mm", "accuracy": "±1% with internal temperature compensation; repeatability ±0.15%; resolution 0.18–0.57 mm depending on analogue window", "rate": "92 ms response delay", "weight": "150 g", "power": "9–30 V DC, ≤80 mA without load; 0–10 V from 15 V", "fov": "Acoustic beam according to manufacturer diagram; no universal fixed angle", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "4–20 mA/0–10 V; synchronisation/multiplexing; M12, 5-pin", "fit": "Useful industrial candidate with range allowance below and above 50 cm.", "strengths": [ "Actual analogue distance reading with temperature compensation.", "Display and teach-in simplify test-rig setup." ], "weaknesses": [ "150 g plus adapter is substantially heavier than small drone rangefinders.", "92 ms response calls for slow, validated distance control." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Regulated 24 V rail, current/voltage input and bridge to the flight controller; synchronise multiple sensors rather than transmitting without coordination.", "availability": "Automation24 lists a specific price and next-working-day dispatch; confirm stock before purchase", "regions": "Germany/EU; international via microsonic sales", "limits": "Ultrasound detects transparent targets depending on their echoes; angled glass, rotor airflow and a water film on the transducer remain test conditions.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm lies within the operating range and outside the 200 mm blind zone. Distinguish ±1% from resolution and repeatability; no proof of ±5 cm in flight with the nozzle running.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "microsonic: mic+130/IU/TC technical data", "url": "https://www.microsonic.de/de/produktdetail/mic%2B130-IU-TC" }, { "title": "Automation24: mic+130/IU/TC price and availability", "url": "https://www.automation24.de/ultraschallsensor-microsonic-mic-130-iu-tc" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "284.70 EUR" }, { "id": "microsonic-pico-plus-100-i", "manufacturer": "microsonic", "name": "pico+100/I", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Compact industrial ultrasonic", "role": "Lightweight direct close-range distance; glass test-rig candidate", "amount": 234.1, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Confirmed net price; taxes and shipping are additional.", "priceSource": "https://sensorpartners.com/en/product/microsonic-pico100-i/", "range": "120–1000 mm operating range; limiting range 1300 mm", "accuracy": "±1% with temperature compensation; repeatability ±0.15%; resolution 0.069–0.38 mm depending on analogue window", "rate": "80 ms response delay", "weight": "30 g", "power": "10–30 V DC, ≤40 mA without load", "fov": "Target-size-dependent acoustic beam according to manufacturer diagram", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "4–20 mA; teach-in/synchronisation through Com input; M12, 5-pin", "fit": "Especially interesting weight comparison with URM14; select the exact straight-head variant.", "strengths": [ "Only 30 g with an industrial IP67 housing.", "120 mm blind zone leaves room for a 50 cm working distance." ], "weaknesses": [ "This I variant has an analogue output, not an IO-Link distance telegram.", "Allow for 80 ms response plus bridge latency in the control loop." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "24 V DC/DC and 4–20 mA receiver/ADC plus rangefinder bridge required. Retailer short description incorrectly mentions an angled head; manufacturer distinguishes the separate /WK/I variant.", "availability": "Dealer lists stock; confirm straight sensor head.", "regions": "EU/Netherlands; manufacturer Germany", "limits": "Test echo quality on angled glass, wetting and rotor airflow. Very fine resolution must not be presented as measurement accuracy.", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm lies well within the operating range. ±1% remains a sensor specification under measurement conditions; verify the entire nozzle distance band with motion, spray water and signal dropouts.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "sources": [ { "title": "microsonic: pico+100/I technical data, 30 g, straight head", "url": "https://www.microsonic.de/de/produktdetail/pico%2B100-I" }, { "title": "Sensor Partners: pico+100/I price and stock", "url": "https://sensorpartners.com/en/product/microsonic-pico100-i/" } ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "234.10 EUR" }, { "id": "microsonic-zws-70-ci-qs", "manufacturer": "microsonic", "name": "zws-70/CI/QS", "kind": "ultraschall", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic", "amount": 234.1, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://sensorpartners.com/de/produkt/microsonic-zws-70-ci-qs/", "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "tasks": [ "abstand" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "praezision", "integration": "hoch", "sources": [ { "title": "microsonic: zws-70/CI/QS specifications, 11 g and operating range", "url": "https://www.microsonic.de/en/sensordetail/zws-70-CI-QS" }, { "title": "Sensor Partners: exact CI/QS variant and net price", "url": "https://sensorpartners.com/de/produkt/microsonic-zws-70-ci-qs/" } ], "limits": "Smooth angled glass may reflect echoes away. Test rotor airflow, spray, water films and changing temperatures on the actual assembly; an IP rating does not demonstrate performance during pressure washing.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor channels; confirm delivery to Germany and the final cost", "role": "Very lightweight industrial ultrasound for 50 cm", "tax": "Confirmed net price; taxes and shipping are additional.", "range": "120–700 mm operating range; 1000 mm limiting range", "accuracy": "±1% with internal temperature compensation; ±0.15% repeatability, 0.20 mm resolution", "rate": "70 ms response delay", "weight": "11 g", "power": "20–30 V DC, ≤30 mA without load", "fov": "Target-dependent acoustic beam according to manufacturer diagram", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "4–20 mA, 4-pin M8; external synchronization", "fit": "A useful lightweight bench candidate when a 24 V analogue interface is already available.", "strengths": [ "Only 11 g sensor weight in an enclosed industrial housing.", "450–550 mm falls within the 700 mm operating range." ], "weaknesses": [ "Requires 20–30 V and a separate 4–20 mA receiver.", "70 ms response; synchronization is available, but no native multiplex mode." ], "integrationNote": "Provide a 24 V DC/DC converter, 4–20 mA receiver and 3.3 V-safe ADC/rangefinder bridge; deliberately schedule external synchronization for multiple heads.", "availability": "Listed at EUR 234.10 excluding VAT by Sensor Partners; confirm stock", "distanceNote": "450–550 mm is well beyond the 120 mm blind zone and within operating range. The ±1% sensor specification and 0.20 mm resolution do not establish guaranteed flight accuracy.", "priceLabel": "234.10 EUR" }, { "id": "benewake-tf-luna", "manufacturer": "Benewake", "name": "TF-Luna · 8 m (DFRobot SEN0340)", "role": "Affordable single-point distance for the test rig", "amount": 24.9, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Public USD unit price; tax status not stated. Check shipping and possible import duties separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1995.html/", "range": "0.20–8 m at 90% reflectance; only up to 2.5 m at 10% reflectance (indoors).", "accuracy": "±6 cm at 0.2–3 m; ±2% at 3–8 m. 1 cm resolution is not an accuracy specification.", "rate": "1–250 Hz adjustable; 100 Hz default", "weight": "<5 g", "power": "3.7–5.2 V; ≤0.35 W", "fov": "2° theoretical", "protection": "No sealed housing / no IP claim", "interface": "UART, I²C, I/O; 3.3 V logic", "fit": "Very affordable comparison sensor for diffuse facade surfaces; mount with protection.", "strengths": [ "Very light and low power; enables multiple measurement directions on a rig.", "UART and I²C simplify integration into a data acquisition system." ], "weaknesses": [ "±6 cm nominal error alone exceeds the entire ±5 cm nozzle budget.", "Unsealed; separately test glass, sunlight, droplets and weak return signals." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Check firmware mode, supply, measurement status and mounting offset; protective housing required.", "availability": "DFRobot lists US$24.90 and an order button; available quantity unverified.", "limits": "A single beam does not provide a facade map. Below 20 cm readings are unreliable; dark surfaces reduce range.", "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "50 cm lies within range, but ±6 cm at 50 cm does not meet ±5 cm nozzle distance. Sensor offset, tilt, latency and flight motion add further errors.", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot: price and SEN0340 model", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1995.html/" }, { "title": "Benewake: TF-Luna user manual", "url": "https://en.benewake.com/uploadfiles/2025/04/20250430174515390.pdf" }, { "title": "Benewake: current TF-Luna product data", "url": "https://ai.benewake.com/en/products/tf-luna/" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF / LiDAR", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "24.90 USD" }, { "id": "benewake-tf02-pro", "manufacturer": "Benewake", "name": "TF02-Pro · UART/I²C (DFRobot SEN0238)", "role": "Enclosed budget distance and ground-height sensor", "amount": 87.9, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Public USD unit price; tax status not stated. Check shipping and possible import duties separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1599.html/", "range": "0.10–40 m at 90% reflectance; 0.10–13.5 m at 10%, including 100 klux.", "accuracy": "±5 cm at 0.1–5 m; ±1% at 5–40 m; reference: white surface, 25 °C.", "rate": "1–1000 Hz; 100 Hz default", "weight": "50 g including cable", "power": "5–12 V; ≤1 W", "fov": "3°", "protection": "IP65", "interface": "UART, I²C, I/O; 3.3 V logic", "fit": "Affordable comparison for height measurement and local distance on well-reflecting surfaces.", "strengths": [ "IP65 and specified 100 klux measurement conditions suit external mounting better than open modules.", "40 m on bright targets supports distances well beyond nozzle standoff." ], "weaknesses": [ "±5 cm sensor error leaves no allowance for flight and mounting errors within the ±5 cm total goal.", "A single point may hit frames, glass or spray mist instead of the intended facade surface." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Check suitable UART/I²C driver, reading age, outlier handling and sensor-to-nozzle transformation.", "availability": "DFRobot: US$87.90; “Only 9 Left” when checked. Stock is a snapshot.", "limits": "IP65 does not establish resistance to high-pressure jets or cleaning chemicals; no validated complete solution for cleaning flight.", "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "50 cm is within nominal range, but ±5 cm already consumes the entire target budget. A mounting offset increasing sensor distance does not change this near-range limitation.", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot: SEN0238 price and stock", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1599.html/" }, { "title": "Benewake: TF02-Pro datasheet A02", "url": "https://en.benewake.com/uploadfiles/2024/04/20240426135509321.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF / LiDAR", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "87.90 USD" }, { "id": "benewake-tf02-i-rs485", "manufacturer": "Benewake", "name": "TF02-i · RS-485 (DFRobot SEN0504)", "role": "Direct distance with more robust fieldbus cabling", "amount": 109.9, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Public USD unit price; tax status not stated. Check shipping and possible import duties separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2418.html", "range": "0.10–40 m at 90% reflectance; up to 13.5 m at 10%, including 100 klux.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer A03: ±5 cm at 0.1–5 m; ±1% at 5–25 m. No accuracy promise for 25–40 m in that document.", "rate": "1–100 Hz according to A03 footnote; conflicting 1000 Hz line in datasheet and retailer text.", "weight": "60 g including cable", "power": "7–30 V; ≤0.85 W at 12 V", "fov": "3° theoretical", "protection": "Retailer states IP65; manufacturer datasheet A03 gives no IP rating. Clarify supplied version in writing.", "interface": "Offered SEN0504 version: RS-485; CAN is a separately orderable version.", "fit": "Candidate for longer, interference-prone wiring between sensor head and measurement computer.", "strengths": [ "RS-485 and a wide supply-voltage range facilitate robust cabling.", "Up to 40 m on bright surfaces; 100 klux condition is specified in manufacturer datasheet." ], "weaknesses": [ "Frame rate and protection rating conflict across current sources and require clarification before purchase.", "±5 cm nominal error leaves no allowance for the complete nozzle-distance goal." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "RS-485 is not automatically DroneCAN. Check adapter, termination and exact protocol.", "availability": "DFRobot: US$109.90; “Only 8 Left” when checked. Supplied version RS-485.", "limits": "Do not mix retailer specifications with the CAN version. Unambiguous current manufacturer assurances are missing for accuracy above 25 m and water protection.", "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "At 50 cm, nominal error is already ±5 cm. Offset, angle, latency and flight motion require additional allowance; no assurance of 50 cm ±5 cm.", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot: SEN0504 RS-485 price and stock", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2418.html" }, { "title": "Benewake: TF02-i datasheet A03 with source conflict", "url": "https://en.benewake.com/uploadfiles/2024/04/20240426135616492.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF / LiDAR", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "109.90 USD" }, { "id": "benewake-tf03-100", "manufacturer": "Benewake", "name": "TF03-100 Standard UART/CAN", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point LiDAR", "role": "Directional distance measurement / supplementary ground or wall measurement", "amount": 229.11, "currency": "USD", "tax": "RobotShop US price includes US tariffs according to listing; VAT/sales-tax status not explicitly stated, shipping extra.", "priceSource": "https://www.robotshop.com/products/benewake-tf03-lidar-led-rangefinder-ip67-100-m", "range": "0.1–100 m at 90% reflectance; 40 m at 10%; at 100 klux 80 m and 30 m respectively according to A01", "accuracy": "±10 cm below 10 m; ±1% from 10 m; 1 cm resolution is not accuracy", "rate": "A01 standard: 1–1,000 Hz, default 100 Hz; newer series page states 9,800 Hz, clarify revision when purchasing", "weight": "A01 UART/CAN: 89 ±3 g; newer series page states 86 ±3 g without cable", "power": "A01: 5–24 V DC; ≤1 W", "fov": "0.5° according to A01", "protection": "IP67; no assurance against a high-pressure cleaning jet", "interface": "Standard UART/CAN; RS232/RS485 are other hardware variants", "fit": "Robust single-point sensor for longer distances; datasheet accuracy does not fit a stand-alone ±5 cm close-range requirement.", "strengths": [ "Narrow measurement cone and IP67 housing.", "High configurable data rate and two standard interfaces." ], "weaknesses": [ "Only one beam; does not fully detect lateral obstacles or surface inclination.", "Optical target properties, sunlight and water require testing; no verified glass detection." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Confirm hardware revision and interface in writing; evaluate signal strength, dropouts and filter delay.", "availability": "RobotShop: 3 units in stock when checked; conflicting technical generation details in retailer text.", "regions": "RobotShop US offer verified; check delivery region and import costs in the relevant country shop.", "limits": "No assured ±5 cm at 0.5 m; repeatability and resolution must not be presented as absolute accuracy.", "sources": [ { "title": "Benewake TF03-100 datasheet A01, 2024", "url": "https://en.benewake.com/uploadfiles/2024/04/20240426134134211.pdf" }, { "title": "Benewake current TF03 series page / revision discrepancy", "url": "https://ai.benewake.com/en/resources/technical-documents/tf03-datasheet/" }, { "title": "RobotShop TF03-100 RB-Ben-12: price and stock", "url": "https://www.robotshop.com/products/benewake-tf03-lidar-led-rangefinder-ip67-100-m" } ], "priceNote": "RobotShop RB-Ben-12, manufacturer TF03-100, USD 229.11; UART/CAN stated in offer. Retailer text partly mixes in TF03-180 data, so technical specifications use the Benewake A01 datasheet.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "priceLabel": "229.11 USD", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "At 50 cm, ±10 cm applies according to A01 datasheet. Insufficient for the ±5 cm total goal without an additional, more precise measurement channel." }, { "id": "benewake-tfs20-l", "manufacturer": "Benewake", "name": "TFS20-L · 20 m OEM module (DFRobot SEN0672)", "role": "Extremely lightweight distance module for custom integration", "amount": 43.9, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Public USD unit price; tax status not stated. Check shipping and possible import duties separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2951.html", "range": "0.20–20 m at 90% reflectance in darkness; 15 m at 100 klux. Dark target: 12 m indoors / 9 m at 100 klux.", "accuracy": "±6 cm at 0.2–6 m; ±1% from 6 m. Repeatability 2 cm (1σ) is separate.", "rate": "20 / 50 / 100 / 250 Hz; single-measurement mode 0", "weight": "About 1.35 g without additional mounting", "power": "3.3 V ±9%; ≤0.43 W", "fov": "<2°", "protection": "N/A; open OEM module without IP rating", "interface": "UART or I²C; 3.3 V logic", "fit": "Interesting for low weight and multiple measurement directions when electronics and weather protection are developed in-house.", "strengths": [ "Only about 1.35 g with substantially longer range than simple close-range chips.", "Officially separate ranges for sunlight and dark targets enable realistic tests." ], "weaknesses": [ "±6 cm nominal error is insufficient for ±5 cm nozzle standoff.", "Open electronics, small 0.8 mm connector and custom 3.3 V supply increase integration effort." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Design housing, cable strain relief, supply headroom and protocol integration.", "availability": "DFRobot lists US$43.90 and an order button; unit stock unverified.", "limits": "20 m does not apply to dark targets in full sunlight. Not a sealed flight or cleaning sensor.", "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "50 cm lies within range; ±6 cm absolute accuracy exceeds the total goal. 2 cm repeatability does not replace absolute error and does not establish flight-control performance.", "sources": [ { "title": "DFRobot: SEN0672 price", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2951.html" }, { "title": "Benewake: TFS20-L datasheet", "url": "https://en.benewake.com/uploadfiles/2025/01/20250102154203449.pdf" }, { "title": "Benewake: TFS20-L user manual", "url": "https://en.benewake.com/uploadfiles/2025/04/20250430175419778.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF / LiDAR", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "43.90 USD" }, { "id": "benewake-tfmini-plus", "manufacturer": "Benewake", "name": "TFmini Plus", "amount": 49.9, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1915.html", "sources": [ { "title": "Benewake TFmini Plus A07 manufacturer datasheet", "url": "https://en.benewake.com/uploadfiles/2024/04/20240426135842086.pdf" }, { "title": "DFRobot retailer price", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1915.html" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF", "role": "Learning / approximate distance", "range": "0.10–12 m; dark targets up to 4 m", "accuracy": "±5 cm at 0.1–5 m; ±1% at 5–12 m according to A07 datasheet.", "fit": "Affordable for driver development and initial distance experiments.", "limits": "±5 cm sensor error already consumes the desired total tolerance. Optical errors on glass and mist remain possible.", "tax": "Tax status not stated", "rate": "UART up to 1,000 Hz", "weight": "12 ±1 g", "protection": "IP65", "interface": "UART / I²C, depending on variant", "priceLabel": "49.90 USD", "strengths": [ "Low weight and simple serial measurement path.", "Affordable entry into driver and telemetry testing." ], "weaknesses": [ "±5 cm sensor error leaves no allowance for ±5 cm total deviation.", "A second optical data path does not automatically resolve glass, reflections and mist." ], "integration": "gering", "integrationNote": "Check support, interface and parameters of the specific ArduPilot/PX4 firmware; connecting the sensor alone does not create distance control.", "power": "5 V ±0.5 V; 550 mW", "fov": "3.6° nominal", "priceStatus": "US$49.90", "availability": "Product listed with public price; check actual stock before ordering", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "50 cm lies within range, but ±5 cm sensor error consumes the entire permissible nozzle deviation. No allowance remains when used as the sole control sensor for this goal." }, { "id": "garmin-lidar-lite-v4-led", "manufacturer": "Garmin", "name": "LIDAR-Lite v4 LED · 010-02022-00", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF with LED", "role": "Lightweight close-range distance with documented repeatability", "amount": 69.99, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Public USD unit price; tax status not stated. Check shipping and possible import duties separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.sparkfun.com/garmin-lidar-lite-v4-led-distance-measurement-sensor.html", "range": "0.05–10 m; reference point according to retailer: rear of the device.", "accuracy": "Repeatability in High Accuracy mode indoors on a 90% target: ±1 cm up to 2 m, ±2 cm up to 4 m, ±5 cm up to 10 m (1σ). No general absolute-error guarantee.", "rate": "I²C >200 Hz typical; averaging in High Accuracy mode reduces output rate.", "weight": "14.6 g", "power": "4.75–5.25 V; 85 mA during measurement, 2 mA idle", "fov": "4.77° beam divergence", "protection": "No IP rating in the verified manual", "interface": "I²C or ANT; SPI only through a custom application", "fit": "Rig candidate for a lightweight 50 cm channel; separate absolute calibration required.", "strengths": [ "Documented 1 cm repeatability up to 2 m under clearly defined indoor conditions.", "14.6 g and direct I²C connection; manufacturer still lists the model with an order option." ], "weaknesses": [ "Repeatability is not absolute accuracy and does not establish performance on sunny, wet facades.", "No verified sealing; High Accuracy averaging and radio increase or vary latency." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Prefer testing wired I²C; evaluate status: an invalid return may be output as 1 cm.", "availability": "SparkFun when checked: US$69.99, “In stock”. Garmin lists model and shipping information; no EOL notice found.", "limits": "Not a laser scanner. Account for reference point, High Accuracy setting and invalid 1 cm outputs in processing.", "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "50 cm lies within range and ±1 cm repeatability sounds promising. Absolute accuracy, sunlight, wet glass, offset and latency still lack complete verification for ±5 cm.", "sources": [ { "title": "SparkFun: SEN-15776 price and stock", "url": "https://www.sparkfun.com/garmin-lidar-lite-v4-led-distance-measurement-sensor.html" }, { "title": "Garmin: manufacturer product and lifecycle check", "url": "https://www.garmin.com/en-US/p/610275/" }, { "title": "Garmin: operating manual with technical data", "url": "https://static.garmin.com/pumac/LIDAR-Lite%20LED%20v4%20Instructions_EN-US.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "69.99 USD" }, { "id": "lightware-lw20c", "manufacturer": "LightWare", "name": "LW20/C · 100 m (standard, not HA)", "role": "Sealed distance and height channel", "amount": 349, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Manufacturer price explicitly excludes taxes; shipping and import extra.", "priceSource": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/lw20-c-100-m/", "range": "0.20–100 m; 70% albedo in sunlight, 0.9 × 0.9 m target.", "accuracy": "±5 cm below 500 readings/s; ±10 cm above 500/s. Do not apply HA accuracy.", "rate": "48–5000 readings/s", "weight": "19.5 g including cable", "power": "4.5–5.5 V; 85 mA typical, <200 mA at startup", "fov": "Beam divergence <0.5°", "protection": "IP67 for the complete device", "interface": "UART, I²C, servo driver; 3.3 V TTL, 5 V tolerant", "fit": "Compact weather-protected alternative for a second measurement channel; lower close-range accuracy than LW20/HA.", "strengths": [ "Complete IP67 device at just under 20 g including cable.", "Servo driver enables additional steering of a single beam for simple scanning experiments." ], "weaknesses": [ "Standard C version has substantially less error headroom than the existing HA version.", "Servo scanning needs custom angle sensing, synchronisation and suitable frame rate; not a complete mapping system." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Test a fixed channel first; use a servo only with separate angle/time calibration. IP67 does not establish chemical/high-pressure resistance.", "availability": "Manufacturer: US$349 excluding taxes; “Available on backorder”.", "limits": "Do not transfer the HA specification to this C version. Glass, spray mist and changing targets require live testing.", "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "At 50 cm, ±5 cm at low rate consumes the entire target budget; high rate is specified at ±10 cm. Not verified for ±5 cm total nozzle standoff.", "sources": [ { "title": "LightWare: LW20/C standard version, price and backorder", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/lw20-c-100-m/" }, { "title": "LightWare: product guide 13.4, 24 November 2025", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/LW20-Product-Guide-V13.4_Corrected.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF / LiDAR", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "349 USD" }, { "id": "lightware-sf000b", "manufacturer": "LightWare", "name": "SF000/B · 50 m", "role": "Lightweight single-point distance and height channel", "amount": 319, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Manufacturer price explicitly excludes taxes; shipping and import extra.", "priceSource": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf000-b-50-m/", "range": "0.20–50 m; 70% albedo in sunlight, 0.9 × 0.9 m target.", "accuracy": "±5 cm according to product guide 7.3; 1 cm resolution.", "rate": "48–388 readings/s", "weight": "9.81 g without cable", "power": "4.5–5.5 V; 84 mA typical (about 0.42 W at 5 V)", "fov": "Beam divergence <1°", "protection": "Complete device IP00; front only IP65", "interface": "UART and I²C, 3.3 V TTL and 5 V tolerant", "fit": "Very light additional distance channel with a narrow beam; protect the rear during integration.", "strengths": [ "Below 10 g without cable at 50 m nominal range.", "First and last returns support investigation of multiple targets in the beam." ], "weaknesses": [ "±5 cm sensor error exhausts the nozzle budget.", "Only the front is IP65; do not expose the complete module unprotected to spray." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Custom sealing and heat dissipation; check UART/I²C or a separate DroneCAN adapter.", "availability": "Manufacturer: US$319 excluding taxes; “Available on backorder”, no immediate stock promised.", "limits": "One beam is not a 3D map. The 50 m applies to defined target and visibility conditions.", "distanceClass": "navigation", "distanceNote": "50 cm can be measured, but ±5 cm sensor error leaves no allowance. Calibrate nozzle mounting offset and time delay on the complete system.", "sources": [ { "title": "LightWare: SF000/B current shop price and backorder", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf000-b-50-m/" }, { "title": "LightWare: product guide 7.3, 4 May 2026", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/SF000-Product-Guide-v7.3.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF / LiDAR", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "319 USD" }, { "id": "ainstein-usd1", "manufacturer": "Ainstein", "name": "US-D1 Radar Altimeter", "kind": "radar", "kindLabel": "Radar altimeter", "role": "Ground distance / AGL height; no facade odometry", "amount": 599, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Tax status not explicitly stated in manufacturer shop; shipping extra.", "priceSource": "https://sensing.ai/collections/ainstein-radar-products/products/us-d1radar-altimeter", "range": "0.5–50 m; blind zone below 0.5 m", "accuracy": "Manufacturer precision 6 cm below 1 m, 4 cm above 1 m; no demonstrated control accuracy", "rate": "100 Hz", "weight": "110 g", "power": "5–13 V DC; 2 W at 5 V; 5.5 V recommended", "fov": "43° × 30°", "protection": "IP67 with applied sealant according to manufacturer; independent IP67 certification not yet completed according to FAQ", "interface": "UART or CAN, observe ordered variant", "fit": "Candidate for redundant ground height during takeoff/landing; not recommended for frontal glass-distance protection.", "strengths": [ "Radar complements optical height measurement in difficult light or dust.", "ArduPilot and PX4 integration are documented." ], "weaknesses": [ "Ainstein explicitly does not recommend US-D1 as an obstacle-avoidance sensor.", "Large objects and multipath echoes within the wide field of view can distort height readings." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Point downward; evaluate SNR and invalid values, check installation and firmware variant.", "availability": "Manufacturer shop lists price and cart but also “Coming Soon”; immediate availability unconfirmed.", "regions": "Ships from USA; manufacturer states EAR99 / NLR and ITAR-free. This does not promise delivery to every country; check local 24 GHz use.", "limits": "0.50 m is the minimum range. No evidence of 0.50 m ±0.05 m on wet glass or in closed-loop flight control.", "sources": [ { "title": "Ainstein US-D1: technical data, export and application guidance", "url": "https://ainstein.ai/us-d1-all-weather-radar-altimeter/" }, { "title": "Ainstein US-D1 manufacturer shop / price", "url": "https://sensing.ai/collections/ainstein-radar-products/products/us-d1radar-altimeter" }, { "title": "ArduPilot US-D1 integration", "url": "https://docs.ardupilot.org/copter/docs/common-aerotenna-usd1.html" } ], "priceNote": "Ainstein shop sensing.ai: public US-D1 list price USD 599; select interface and cable length, check the final variant offer.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "hoehe" ], "priceLabel": "599 USD", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "distanceClass": "hoehe", "distanceNote": "50 cm is the lower measurement limit. The 450–550 mm target band intersects the blind zone; precision is also 6 cm below 1 m. Classify as an altimeter, not a precise facade-control sensor." }, { "id": "lightware-sf30d", "manufacturer": "LightWare", "name": "SF30/D · 200 m", "role": "Long-range height and obstacle channel", "amount": 459, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Manufacturer price explicitly excludes taxes; shipping and import extra.", "priceSource": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf30-d-200-m/", "range": "0.20–200 m; 70% albedo in sunlight, 10 km visibility, 0.9 × 0.9 m target.", "accuracy": "±5 cm below 500 readings/s; ±10 cm above 500 readings/s. The boundary at exactly 500/s is unclear in the guide.", "rate": "39–20,000 readings/s; select rate and accuracy together", "weight": "30 g without cable", "power": "4.5–5.5 V; 96 mA typical, <220 mA at startup", "fov": "Beam divergence <0.2°", "protection": "Complete device IP40; front IP67", "interface": "UART, I²C; USB for configuration", "fit": "Supplementary height channel or narrow beam for longer distances; oversized for close-range precision.", "strengths": [ "200 m nominal range at only 30 g without cable.", "Very narrow beam and configurable rate; first/last returns available." ], "weaknesses": [ "High measurement rate comes with ±10 cm nominal error and does not help the ±5 cm goal.", "Rear only IP40; housing integration with heat dissipation and EMI protection required." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Check supported UAV-controller mode; slow filters increase delay, and 20 kHz is not a promised control-loop rate.", "availability": "Manufacturer: US$459 excluding taxes; “Available on backorder”.", "limits": "No complete map without additional scan motion and precise pose timestamps; measuring water does not establish performance on wet glass.", "distanceClass": "hoehe", "distanceNote": "50 cm lies within range; ±5 cm at low or ±10 cm at high rate is insufficient as overall verification of 50 cm ±5 cm. Primarily classify as a height/backup channel.", "sources": [ { "title": "LightWare: SF30/D shop and price", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf30-d-200-m/" }, { "title": "LightWare: product guide 3.3, 16 March 2026", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SF30D-Product-Guide-v3.3-1.pdf" } ], "kind": "einpunkt", "kindLabel": "Single-point ToF / LiDAR", "tasks": [ "abstand", "hoehe" ], "regions": "International manufacturer or retailer ordering; check delivery, import and final tax for Germany before ordering.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "priceLabel": "459 USD" }, { "id": "hokuyo-ust20lx", "manufacturer": "Hokuyo", "name": "UST-20LX", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "Industrial 2D scanner", "role": "Fast Ethernet contour scan for local maps and localisation.", "amount": 2758.8, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "RobotShop EU, SKU RB-Seu-11, including taxes; shipping extra.", "priceSource": "https://eu.robotshop.com/de/products/hokuyo-ust-20lx-scan-laser-entfernungsmesser-eu", "range": "0.06–20 m on white Kent paper; up to 8 m at 10% reflectivity; 60 m is only the maximum detection distance", "accuracy": "±40 mm; repeatability σ<30 mm under manufacturer test conditions", "rate": "40 scans/s (25 ms); 0.25° angular step", "weight": "130 g without cable", "power": "10–30 V; ≤150 mA at 24 V (≤3.6 W), startup about 450 mA", "fov": "270° horizontal, one scan plane", "protection": "IP65", "interface": "Ethernet 100BASE-TX; synchronisation output", "fit": "Lightweight industrial scanner for robust contour data; direct sunlight and wet optics remain limitations.", "strengths": [ "40 Hz scanning at low sensor weight", "Ethernet and available ROS1/ROS2 integration" ], "weaknesses": [ "90° unscanned sector and no vertical coverage", "Manufacturer requires avoiding direct sunlight despite ambient-light specification" ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Ethernet computer, 10–30 V supply, mounting/time calibration and external SLAM/pose processing.", "availability": "Currently in Hokuyo range; RobotShop EU offers the exact UST-20LX version on request.", "regions": "Hokuyo international and RobotShop EU; confirm lead time.", "limits": "20 m is the specified bright-target range; 60 m is not a guaranteed working range. Not a safety laser scanner and no glass guarantee.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "270° contour in one plane. SLAM and motion create larger 2D maps; 3D requires measured motion/orientation. Not a complete flight system.", "sources": [ { "title": "Hokuyo UST-10/20LX manufacturer specifications", "url": "https://www.hokuyo-aut.jp/search/single.php?serial=167" }, { "title": "Hokuyo USA UST-20LX, ROS and applications", "url": "https://www.hokuyo-usa.com/products/lidar-sensors/ust-20lx" }, { "title": "RobotShop EU UST-20LX, price including taxes", "url": "https://eu.robotshop.com/de/products/hokuyo-ust-20lx-scan-laser-entfernungsmesser-eu" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "2,758.80 EUR" }, { "id": "ldrobot-stl27l", "manufacturer": "LDROBOT", "name": "STL-27L – Waveshare Kit 24782", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "Very light 2D scanner", "role": "Budget option for lightweight 360° contour scans and mapping prototypes.", "amount": 167.99, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Waveshare kit price SKU 24782; check tax/import status and shipping separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.waveshare.com/product/dtof-lidar-stl27l.htm", "range": "0.03–25 m at about 80% reflectivity", "accuracy": "Mean error: ±15 mm up to 2 m; ±20 mm at 2–8 m; ±30 mm beyond", "rate": "21,600 readings/s; 10 Hz default (6–13 Hz according to wiki)", "weight": "46.1 g sensor according to Waveshare; kit heavier", "power": "5 V, about 290 mA / 1.45 W", "fov": "360° horizontal, one scan plane", "protection": "Manufacturer datasheet states IP5X; no demonstrated water protection", "interface": "UART 921,600 bit/s; kit with ESP8266 adapter and USB TTL", "fit": "Very light for dry bench/flight prototypes; wet cleaning conditions require a suitable solution.", "strengths": [ "Very low sensor mass and power consumption", "25 m class and 21.6 kHz sampling in an affordable kit" ], "weaknesses": [ "No demonstrated water protection", "Single plane requires poses and motion to create a map" ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Add UART driver, computer/logger, power supply and calibrated time/pose reference; the ESP8266 adapter is not a SLAM computer.", "availability": "Waveshare STL27L kit listed; check shop lead time. Do not confuse with D500 or the older LD19/D300 kit.", "regions": "LDROBOT international; Waveshare direct shop, import costs depend on destination.", "limits": "Advertised glass detection applies only at certain angles; no reliable glass protection. 25 m is a laboratory figure on bright targets.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "Planar distance scan. Continuous 2D maps require SLAM and motion; 3D additionally requires known scan-plane orientation/motion. Not a complete navigation system.", "sources": [ { "title": "LDROBOT current STL-27L sensor range", "url": "https://www.ldrobot.com/sensors" }, { "title": "LDROBOT STL-27L manufacturer datasheet, hosted by morpheusTEK", "url": "https://morpheustek.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/LDROBOT_STL-27L_Datasheet_EN_v0.3.pdf" }, { "title": "Waveshare STL27L kit SKU 24782, price and data", "url": "https://www.waveshare.com/product/dtof-lidar-stl27l.htm" }, { "title": "Waveshare STL27L wiki", "url": "https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/DTOF_LIDAR_STL27L" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "167.99 USD" }, { "id": "lightware-sf45b", "manufacturer": "LightWare", "name": "SF45/B (50 m)", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "2D scanning LiDAR", "role": "Horizontal surroundings and sector measurements for obstacle distance", "amount": 519, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Manufacturer shop explicitly excludes taxes; shipping and import duties extra.", "priceSource": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf45-b-50-m/", "range": "0.2–50 m; maximum range specified with a 70% reflective target", "accuracy": "±5 cm below 500 readings/s; ±10 cm above 500 readings/s according to product guide Rev. 3.1", "rate": "Up to 5,000 distances/s; up to 5 sweeps/s, depending on configuration", "weight": "59 g without cable according to current guide; shop text additionally gives older 58 g figure", "power": "5–5.5 V; 300 mA typical, <450 mA at startup", "fov": "Configurable scan plane up to 320°; one oscillating beam", "protection": "OEM module; full splash-water IP rating unconfirmed in reviewed documents", "interface": "UART, I²C; USB for setup/configuration", "fit": "Lightweight 2D surroundings sensing to supplement local frontal distance.", "strengths": [ "Large adjustable sector at low weight.", "First and last returns plus ArduPilot/PX4 support are documented." ], "weaknesses": [ "One scan plane provides no 3D coverage; account for movement during scanning.", "Specular targets can cause wrong or missing readings; heat dissipation, shielding and protective housing are required." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Configure scan sector, masks for aircraft components and filter latency; size supply for startup.", "availability": "Manufacturer shop: available on backorder, no confirmed delivery date.", "regions": "Manufacturer direct shop verified; destination and export checks required, LightWare terms list regional delivery restrictions.", "limits": "Datasheet ±5 cm at low data rate is not demonstrated ±5 cm flight control or independent glass protection.", "sources": [ { "title": "LightWare SF45/B manufacturer shop, price and current key data", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf45-b-50-m/" }, { "title": "LightWare SF45/B product guide Rev. 3.1, 16 March 2026", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SF45B-Product-Guide-v3.1.pdf" }, { "title": "LightWare pricing, delivery and export terms", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/terms-and-conditions/" }, { "title": "PX4 LightWare sensor integration", "url": "https://docs.px4.io/main/en/sensor/sfxx_lidar" } ], "priceNote": "LightWare direct shop SF45/B 50 m: USD 519 excluding taxes; not an SF30 or SF40 variant.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "erkennung", "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "519 USD", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "Planar scan: a continuous 2D map requires motion and poses/SLAM; a spatial map additionally requires known scan-plane motion and orientation." }, { "id": "sick-tim571", "manufacturer": "SICK", "name": "TiM571-2050101 (1075091)", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "IP67 industrial 2D scanner", "role": "Weather-protected 270° distance scanner for contour maps and localisation.", "amount": 2015.96, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "RS Germany guide price for 1 unit, excluding VAT; €2,398.99 including VAT; shipping separate.", "priceSource": "https://de.rs-online.com/web/p/lichterfassung-und-entfernungsmessung/2133822", "range": "0.05–25 m; 8 m at 10% remission", "accuracy": "Systematic ±60 mm; statistical <20 mm typical (90% target)", "rate": "15 Hz; 0.33° angular resolution; typically 67 ms per scan", "weight": "250 g without cable", "power": "9–28 V DC; typically 4 W", "fov": "270° horizontal, one scan plane", "protection": "IP67 with auxiliary-port cover closed", "interface": "Ethernet TCP/IP; Micro-USB for service/parameter configuration; PNP synchronisation output", "fit": "Robust industrial candidate for local contours; weigh mass and 15 Hz rate against lighter alternatives.", "strengths": [ "Manufacturer specifies indoor/outdoor operation and IP67", "Industrial connectors and Ethernet measurements" ], "weaknesses": [ "25 m drops to 8 m for dark 10% targets", "Only one plane; 15 Hz scanning limits fast movement" ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Add Ethernet computer and processing; USB service port does not replace the measurement data path. SLAM requires poses/IMU.", "availability": "Current manufacturer datasheet dated 4 August 2026; RS states manufacturer stock with dispatch from 30 November 2026.", "regions": "SICK/RS sales in Germany/EU and internationally.", "limits": "Measurement scanner without established suitability as a sole safety function; practically validate glass/spray mist and cleaning agents.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "Provides a planar 270° scan. Contour maps result from registration using SLAM/poses. Spatial maps require motion and known scan-plane orientation.", "sources": [ { "title": "SICK TiM571-2050101 manufacturer datasheet", "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/4/44/444/dataSheet_TiM571-2050101_1075091_en.pdf" }, { "title": "RS Germany TiM571-2050101 / 1075091, unit price", "url": "https://de.rs-online.com/web/p/lichterfassung-und-entfernungsmessung/2133822" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "2,015.96 EUR" }, { "id": "slamtec-rplidar-a3", "manufacturer": "SLAMTEC", "name": "RPLIDAR A3 (A3M1)", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "2D triangulation scanner", "role": "Established 360° scanner for 2D SLAM and geometric development experiments.", "amount": 599, "currency": "USD", "tax": "DFRobot unit price, SKU DFR0583; check tax/import status and shipping separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1772.html", "range": "From 0.2 m; up to 25 m on white targets in Enhanced mode, 20 m in Outdoor mode", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: 1% up to 3 m; 2% at 3–5 m; 2.5% at 5–25 m", "rate": "16,000 readings/s Enhanced, 10,000 Outdoor; typically 10 Hz (5–15 Hz)", "weight": "190 g", "power": "5 V; 450–600 mA, 2.25–3 W", "fov": "360° horizontal, one scan plane", "protection": "No IP rating stated in reviewed manufacturer specifications", "interface": "TTL UART (3.3 V levels), 256,000 bit/s", "fit": "Useful for dry, controlled mapping experiments; less suitable for wet facade work.", "strengths": [ "Open SDK and broad ROS integration", "Switchable indoor/outdoor sampling" ], "weaknesses": [ "Percentage distance error grows with distance", "No demonstrated spray-water protection in reviewed specifications" ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Computer, SLAM software, clean time/pose reference and mechanical protection are additionally required.", "availability": "Current SLAMTEC range; DFRobot listing with public purchase price.", "regions": "International via DFRobot and SLAMTEC retailers.", "limits": "Observe the single scan plane, 0.2 m near-range limit and 0–40 °C manufacturer range; no glass safety evidence.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "Planar contour map after registering multiple scans with estimated poses. Spatial reconstruction requires controlled scan-plane motion and registration with IMU/poses.", "sources": [ { "title": "SLAMTEC A3 manufacturer specifications", "url": "https://www.slamtec.com/en/lidar/a3spec" }, { "title": "SLAMTEC A3 authorised distribution, mass", "url": "https://www.symphotony.com/lidar/slamtec/rplidar-a3/" }, { "title": "DFRobot A3, SKU DFR0583, public price", "url": "https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1772.html" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "599 USD" }, { "id": "slamtec-rplidar-s2", "manufacturer": "SLAMTEC", "name": "RPLIDAR S2 (S2M1-R2)", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "2D all-round scanner", "role": "Affordable 360° scanning for local contour maps and SLAM prototypes.", "amount": 399, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Seeed unit price, explicitly excluding VAT; shipping and import extra.", "priceSource": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/Bazaar/product_pdf/114992738.pdf", "range": "0.05–30 m at 90%; up to 10 m at 10% reflectivity", "accuracy": "±30 mm; range resolution 13 mm", "rate": "32,000 readings/s; 10 Hz typical", "weight": "185 g according to manufacturer datasheet; some retailers state 190 g", "power": "5 V; manufacturer states >2 W; account for startup current", "fov": "360° horizontal, one scan plane", "protection": "IP65", "interface": "TTL UART, 1 Mbit/s; S2E Ethernet is a different variant", "fit": "Affordable entry into local 2D mapping; incomplete on its own for free-flying 3D navigation.", "strengths": [ "Dense 360° contour at a manageable price", "Manufacturer SDK and ROS/ROS2 drivers available" ], "weaknesses": [ "No height information outside the scan plane", "Dark targets substantially reduce usable range" ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Add companion computer, SDK/ROS, timing reference, mounting calibration and SLAM with pose/IMU data.", "availability": "Current manufacturer range; Seeed SKU 114992738 publicly listed with unit price.", "regions": "International Seeed distribution; EU purchase possible through retailers.", "limits": "Test glass, mirrors, spray mist and incidence angle in the actual application; IP65 does not establish approval for cleaning use.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "Produces planar distance contours. A continuous map requires motion and estimated poses/SLAM; a 3D map additionally requires motion with a precise orientation reference. No factory-provided autonomous navigation.", "sources": [ { "title": "SLAMTEC S2 specifications", "url": "https://www.slamtec.com/en/s2/spec" }, { "title": "SLAMTEC S2 datasheet, model S2M1-R2", "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_S2_v2.0_en.pdf?api=v2" }, { "title": "Seeed S2 product sheet with price, SKU 114992738", "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/Bazaar/product_pdf/114992738.pdf" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "399 USD" }, { "id": "slamtec-rplidar-s3", "manufacturer": "SLAMTEC", "name": "RPLIDAR S3", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "Compact 2D all-round scanner", "role": "Lighter 360° ToF scanner for local mapping and obstacle contours.", "amount": 549, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Seeed unit price; VAT status unclear on product page, check shipping/import separately.", "priceSource": "https://www.seeedstudio.com/RPLiDAR-S3M1-p-5753.html", "range": "0.05–40 m at 70%; 15 m at 10%; 5 m at 2% reflectivity", "accuracy": "±30 mm; 10 mm resolution", "rate": "32,000 readings/s; 10–20 Hz, typically 10 Hz", "weight": "115 g", "power": "5 V, typically 450 mA (about 2.25 W); startup typically 1.2 A", "fov": "360° horizontal, one scan plane", "protection": "IP65", "interface": "TTL-UART, 1 Mbit/s", "fit": "Interesting for small SLAM prototypes with a tight weight budget; solve three-dimensional coverage separately.", "strengths": [ "Lower sensor mass than S2 and A3", "Manufacturer states ≥80 klux ambient-light resistance" ], "weaknesses": [ "Single scan plane misses obstacles above and below it", "40 m applies to well-reflecting targets; very dark targets only 5 m" ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "5 V supply with startup headroom, computer, driver, timing reference and pose/IMU fusion required.", "availability": "Currently listed by SLAMTEC; Seeed SKU 101090041 listed in stock when checked.", "regions": "International Seeed and SLAMTEC retailer distribution.", "limits": "Do not assume reliable glass or facade-distance protection; separately test water film and spray mist.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "Provides planar 360° points. A larger 2D map requires motion and SLAM/poses; 3D additionally needs known motion and orientation. Not complete flight navigation.", "sources": [ { "title": "SLAMTEC S3 specifications", "url": "https://www.slamtec.com/en/s3/spec" }, { "title": "SLAMTEC S3 manufacturer datasheet, hosted by Seeed", "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/wiki/SLAMRadar/S3/datasheet_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_S3_v1.0_en.pdf" }, { "title": "Seeed S3, SKU 101090041, public unit price", "url": "https://www.seeedstudio.com/RPLiDAR-S3M1-p-5753.html" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "549 USD" }, { "id": "ydlidar-tg30", "manufacturer": "YDLIDAR / EAI", "name": "TG30", "kind": "2d", "kindLabel": "IP65 2D all-round scanner", "role": "More robust 360° ToF scanning for 2D contours and SLAM.", "amount": 359, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Exp-Tech SKU 750-TG30, explicitly excluding VAT and plus shipping; B2B shop.", "priceSource": "https://exp-tech.de/en/products/tg30", "range": "0.05–30 m; account for target reflectivity and lighting", "accuracy": "±60 mm up to 5 m; ±40 mm at 5–20 m; ±100 mm at 20–30 m (80% test target)", "rate": "20,000 readings/s; 5–12 Hz", "weight": "140 g net according to manufacturer datasheet V1.4; older retailer documents state 214 g", "power": "5 V (4.8–5.2 V); typically 340 mA, about 1.7 W; startup up to 1 A", "fov": "360° horizontal, one scan plane", "protection": "IP65", "interface": "UART 512,000 bit/s; Exp-Tech package includes USB adapter", "fit": "2D SLAM and contour experiments with an enclosed scanner; check version/weight before procurement.", "strengths": [ "IP65 and enclosed design", "Public EU price including USB adapter" ], "weaknesses": [ "Only one plane and varying distance error across range", "Older product revisions have different weight/current specifications" ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Add YDLIDAR SDK/ROS, companion computer and SLAM/IMU/pose fusion; confirm exact supplied revision.", "availability": "Current manufacturer page; Exp-Tech listed five units in stock when checked.", "regions": "Ships from Germany via Exp-Tech; other international distribution.", "limits": "Avoid direct sunlight into receiver; do not assume reliable detection of glass or spray mist.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "2d", "mappingNote": "Individual planar scans form a registered map only with motion and poses. 3D reconstruction requires additional known scan-plane motion and orientation.", "sources": [ { "title": "YDLIDAR TG30 manufacturer page", "url": "https://www.ydlidar.com/product/ydlidar-tg30" }, { "title": "YDLIDAR TG30 manufacturer datasheet V1.4", "url": "https://www.ydlidar.com/Public/upload/files/2022-06-21/YDLIDAR%20TG30%20Data%20Sheet%20V1.4%28211230%29.pdf" }, { "title": "Exp-Tech TG30, public EU price and package contents", "url": "https://exp-tech.de/en/products/tg30" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "359 EUR" }, { "id": "hesai-jt128", "manufacturer": "Hesai", "name": "JT128", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "Compact rotating 3D LiDAR", "role": "Lightweight, dense near-surroundings sensing with a large solid angle.", "amount": 1200, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Net, excluding 19% VAT and shipping according to offer.", "priceSource": "https://www.quadruped.de/Hesai-JT128", "range": "0–60 m instrumented range; 40 m at 10% reflectance across all channels.", "accuracy": "Typically ±3 cm accuracy; 2 cm precision (standard deviation) in current J01 manual. Do not equate with complete flight-control error.", "rate": "10/20 Hz; 1.152 million points/s single, 2.304 million dual.", "weight": "Under 265 g according to current manual; product page rounds to 265 g.", "power": "8.4 W typical at 25 °C and 10 Hz, without accessories, according to directly reviewed manufacturer manual J01-en-261010 (manual pp. 17–18, PDF pp. 21–22); 9–32 V DC. Allow at least 30 W available supply.", "fov": "360° horizontal. Current manual: 95° vertical channel angle (−4.4° to +90.5°); product page advertises 189° hyperhemispherical total coverage. Do not equate these without explaining geometry.", "protection": "IP6K7 in current J01 manual.", "interface": "100BASE-TX Ethernet; GNSS/PTP, IMU; official Hesai SDK and ROS/ROS2 driver support JT128.", "fit": "Interesting lightweight sensor for all-round vision and facade sensing; measure actual coverage on the aircraft frame.", "strengths": [ "Many channels at low sensor weight support detailed close-surroundings sensing.", "Dual return and time synchronisation are documented for a moving platform." ], "weaknesses": [ "Manufacturer marketing and manual use different vertical-field-of-view figures.", "Uneven firing order requires correct timestamps and motion compensation." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Always use the supplied unit’s firetime and angle corrections. Manual requires channel-specific motion compensation in mobile and precision-critical applications.", "availability": "QUADRUPED.DE lists EUR 1,200 net, immediately available and 2–6 working days domestically; international delivery differs.", "regions": "German retailer offer; Hesai sales in Europe, USA and Asia. Check delivery area and returns for the specific offer.", "limits": "A 0 m measurement range does not establish contact or glass detection. Resolve the geometry of the 95° channel angle versus 189° advertised coverage during installation planning. Glass, wet surfaces and spray mist are unproven in the cleaning setup; no guaranteed 50 cm ±5 cm nozzle standoff. Power specification is revision-specific: 8.4 W was confirmed in the directly downloaded J01-en-261010; do not transfer differing values from older manuals to this revision.", "sources": [ { "title": "Hesai: JT128 manual J01-en-261010, directly reviewed; specifications pp. 16–18 (PDF 20–22)", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/JT128_User_Manual_J01-en-261010.pdf" }, { "title": "Hesai: JT128 product page with advertised 189° figure", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/jt128/" }, { "title": "QUADRUPED.DE: JT128, net price and stock", "url": "https://www.quadruped.de/Hesai-JT128" }, { "title": "Hesai: official ROS/ROS2 driver with model list", "url": "https://github.com/HesaiTechnology/HesaiLidar_ROS_2.0/blob/master/README.md" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "1,200 EUR", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "id": "hesai-jt16", "manufacturer": "Hesai", "name": "JT16", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "Compact rotating 3D LiDAR", "role": "Lightweight all-round sensing as an affordable test sensor.", "amount": 479, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Includes statutory German VAT according to retailer tax section; product page simultaneously shows a conflicting additional tax note. Confirm at checkout.", "priceSource": "https://openelab.de/products/hesai-jt16-mini-3d-lidar", "range": "0.15–100 m instrumented measurement range; 30 m at 10% reflectance across all channels, 50% detection probability and 0–100 klx.", "accuracy": "Typically ±3 cm accuracy; 3 cm precision (1σ). These separate specifications are not overall SLAM or nozzle-control accuracy.", "rate": "5/10 Hz; 48,000 valid points/s according to J03 manual.", "weight": "199.7 g.", "power": "4.3 W typical at 14 V / 5 Hz; 12–16 V DC; at least 16 W supply headroom according to manual.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 40° vertical (0° to +40°); average vertical resolution 2.67°.", "protection": "IP6K6; not specified as submersible.", "interface": "Native RS485 at 3,000,000 baud; certain firmware 3,125,000 baud. Ethernet via suitable connection box; official Hesai SDK and ROS driver list JT16.", "fit": "Weight and power consumption are attractive for compact drones. Mounting angle must account for the upward-facing vertical fan.", "strengths": [ "Very small weight and power budgets simplify an experimental setup.", "Public documentation and drivers simplify data acquisition." ], "weaknesses": [ "Only 16 channels and 2.67° vertical sampling provide less wall detail.", "3 cm standard deviation leaves little allowance for motion, calibration errors and control within a ±5 cm total goal." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Observe serial interface, firmware baud rate and angle-correction file; do not assume connection box and cables are included in the base price.", "availability": "OpenELAB displays sensor at EUR 479 with units in stock; stock and promotional price can change at short notice.", "regions": "Price offer for Germany; OpenELAB directs international customers to its global shop. Hesai operates European and US sales.", "limits": "Do not present 100 m as guaranteed target range. Public 96,000 points/s figures differ from the current J03 manual’s 48,000 valid points/s. No demonstrated suitability for glass, water or spray mist, and no guarantee of 50 cm ±5 cm.", "sources": [ { "title": "Hesai: JT16 manual J03 dated 20 January 2026", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/JT16_User_Manual_J03-en-260120.pdf" }, { "title": "Hesai: current JT32/JT16 product family", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/jt16/" }, { "title": "OpenELAB Germany: JT16 price, stock and tax notes", "url": "https://openelab.de/products/hesai-jt16-mini-3d-lidar" }, { "title": "Hesai: official ROS/ROS2 driver with model list", "url": "https://github.com/HesaiTechnology/HesaiLidar_ROS_2.0/blob/master/README.md" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "479 EUR", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "id": "hesai-xt16", "manufacturer": "Hesai", "name": "XT16", "amount": null, "currency": null, "priceSource": "https://www.quadruped.de/Hesai-XT16", "sources": [ { "title": "Hesai official XT32M/32/16 specification table", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/" }, { "title": "Quadruped retailer status", "url": "https://www.quadruped.de/Hesai-XT16" }, { "title": "Hesai XT16 manufacturer manual", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/XT16_User_Manual_X02-en-220410.pdf" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D LiDAR", "role": "Industrial comparison", "range": "0.05–120 m", "accuracy": "Typically ±1 cm accuracy; 0.5 cm spread (1σ), observe test conditions.", "fit": "16-channel sensor with 360° × 30°; for mapping and geometry.", "limits": "Allow for 800 g and narrow vertical field of view. No demonstrated maximum error on wet glass at 50 cm. Earlier search prices are not currently confirmed.", "tax": "Request a current quotation", "rate": "320,000 points/s, single return", "weight": "800 g", "protection": "IP6K7", "interface": "Ethernet / manufacturer SDK / ROS", "priceLabel": "Price on request", "strengths": [ "Industrial 360° sensor with documented manufacturer specifications.", "Suitable as a comparison for point-cloud quality and geometric measurement." ], "weaknesses": [ "800 g weight and only 30° vertical field of view burden UAV design.", "No confirmed current list price or independent evidence on wet glass." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Ethernet/SDK/ROS integration on companion computer, calibration and a custom odometry/mapping pipeline required.", "power": "No reliable figure in the reviewed excerpt; check manufacturer datasheet before design", "fov": "360° × 30°; 2° vertical angular resolution", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "availability": "Request quotation and specific lead time from manufacturer or distributor", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "id": "hesai-xt32", "manufacturer": "Hesai", "name": "XT32", "amount": null, "currency": null, "priceSource": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/", "sources": [ { "title": "Hesai official XT32M/32/16 specification table", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D LiDAR", "role": "Denser 3D geometry", "range": "0.05–120 m", "accuracy": "Typically ±1 cm accuracy; 0.5 cm spread (1σ), observe test conditions.", "fit": "32 channels, 360° × 31°; finer vertical sampling than XT16.", "limits": "Do not confuse with XT32M. Check weight and operating conditions. Datasheet does not establish reliability on glass or in spray mist.", "tax": "No reliable public new-unit price verified", "rate": "640,000 points/s, single return", "weight": "800 g", "protection": "IP6K7", "interface": "Ethernet / manufacturer SDK / ROS", "priceLabel": "Price on request", "strengths": [ "Denser vertical sampling than XT16.", "360° geometry for industrial mapping and navigation tasks." ], "weaknesses": [ "At 800 g substantially heavier than compact UAV/robotics sensors.", "Do not confuse with XT32M or M2X; measurement performance depends on revision and test conditions." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "As for XT16, with greater point-data volume; size processing, bandwidth, synchronisation and calibration.", "power": "No reliable figure in the reviewed excerpt; check manufacturer datasheet before design", "fov": "360° × 31°; 1° vertical angular resolution", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "availability": "Request quotation and specific lead time from manufacturer or distributor", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "id": "hesai-xt32m2x", "manufacturer": "Hesai", "name": "XT32M2X (XT32M family)", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "Rotating 3D LiDAR", "role": "Precise 3D geometry, SLAM and surveying.", "amount": 4636.4, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Net, excluding VAT; shipping and project-specific accessories extra.", "priceSource": "https://sensorpartners.com/en/product/xt-32m/", "range": "0.5–300 m measurement range; 80 m at 10% reflectance across all channels (100 klx, >90% detection probability).", "accuracy": "±1 cm accuracy; 0.5 cm typical precision (1σ), standard value 1 cm. Typical test: 0.5–50 m, 50% reflectance, 30 °C; do not transfer to glass/spray mist.", "rate": "5/10/20 Hz; 640,000 points/s single, 1.28 million dual, 1.92 million triple.", "weight": "490 g without additional integration accessories.", "power": "10 W typical; 9–36 V DC; manufacturer requires at least 30 W available supply power.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 40.3° vertical (−20.8° to +19.5°).", "protection": "IP6K7; Class 1 laser.", "interface": "100BASE-TX Ethernet; GNSS/PTP; official Hesai SDK and ROS/ROS2 driver support XT32M2X.", "fit": "Worth testing for geometric measurements on drones with sufficient payload capacity. A 50 cm sensor-to-surface distance is at the minimum limit; a nozzle offset changes the required sensor distance.", "strengths": [ "Defined accuracy and precision figures enable a clear technical comparison.", "Multiple returns can reveal different surface components." ], "weaknesses": [ "At 50 cm sensor distance, the 0.5 m minimum leaves no downward allowance; account separately for sensor-to-nozzle offset.", "1.3° vertical sampling and mounting position limit surface coverage." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Implement time synchronisation, motion compensation, sensor pose and separate close-range protection. Do not apply general XT zero-blind-zone advertising to this specific model.", "availability": "Sensor Partners lists SKU 230-0050 as “In stock” at EUR 4,636.40 net. Confirm dispatch, revision and accessories before ordering.", "regions": "European specialist distribution with international Hesai sales network.", "limits": "0.5 m is the documented lower measurement-range limit, not an accuracy test distance establishing zero blind zone. 1σ precision is not a guaranteed absolute error; glass/water/spray mist unproven. No proof of 50 cm ±5 cm nozzle standoff.", "sources": [ { "title": "Hesai: XT32M2X manual X03 dated 10 July 2026", "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/XT32M2X_User_Manual_X03-en-260710.pdf" }, { "title": "Sensor Partners: XT32M2X, price and lead time", "url": "https://sensorpartners.com/en/product/xt-32m/" }, { "title": "Hesai: official ROS/ROS2 driver with model list", "url": "https://github.com/HesaiTechnology/HesaiLidar_ROS_2.0/blob/master/README.md" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "4,636.40 EUR", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "id": "livox-avia", "manufacturer": "Livox", "name": "Avia", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D LiDAR with internal IMU", "role": "Directional 3D point clouds for SLAM and custom aerial mapping integration.", "amount": 1420, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Gebrüder Kraus: net; €1,689.80 including 19% VAT, shipping from €25.", "priceSource": "https://www.livoxtech.de/products/avia.html", "range": "At 100 klux: 190 m at 10%, 320 m at 80%; 450 m at 80% only at 0 klux", "accuracy": "Distance precision 2 cm (1σ at 20 m on an 80% target), not global map accuracy", "rate": "240,000 points/s single; 480,000 dual; 720,000 triple return", "weight": "498 g without cable", "power": "8 W non-repetitive / 9 W repetitive, startup 16 W; 10–15 V (Converter 2.0: 9–30 V)", "fov": "Non-repetitive 70.4° × 77.2°; repetitive 70.4° × 4.5°", "protection": "IP67 sensor; converter and cables excluded", "interface": "100 Mbit Ethernet; PTPv2/PPS/GPS time; internal BMI088 IMU", "fit": "Light enough for custom 3D SLAM prototypes; directional field of view requires suitable mounting and additional coverage.", "strengths": [ "3D point cloud and integrated IMU", "Multiple echoes and high point rate for mapping" ], "weaknesses": [ "No all-round field of view", "Internal IMU alone does not produce a georeferenced survey map" ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Add computer, time synchronisation, LiDAR/IMU calibration and SLAM; for surveying, add GNSS/INS, trajectory and processing software.", "availability": "Still listed on official Livox site; German retailer states in-stock goods and 48-hour dispatch.", "regions": "German retailer with EU shipping; international Livox distribution.", "limits": "450 m is a dark-condition/bright-target figure. Do not equate point/distance precision with map or facade-distance accuracy; no glass evidence.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Produces actual spatial points. Continuous maps require LiDAR/IMU SLAM and poses; georeferenced survey results additionally need GNSS/INS and calibrated processing. Not a complete payload.", "sources": [ { "title": "Livox Avia official specifications", "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs" }, { "title": "Livox Avia manufacturer page", "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia" }, { "title": "Gebrüder Kraus Livox Avia, public net price", "url": "https://www.livoxtech.de/products/avia.html" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "1,420 EUR" }, { "id": "livox-mid-360", "manufacturer": "Livox", "name": "MID-360", "amount": null, "currency": null, "priceSource": "https://tpi-livox.eu/products/mid360.html", "sources": [ { "title": "Livox official technical data", "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs" }, { "title": "TPI retailer status for previous generation", "url": "https://tpi-livox.eu/products/mid360.html" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D LiDAR", "role": "Existing systems / mapping", "range": "0.10–70 m, target dependent", "accuracy": "≤3 cm spread (1σ) at 0.2 m; ≤2 cm at 10 m.", "fit": "Reference for existing systems; predecessor to MID-360S.", "limits": "No longer orderable from reviewed retailer. Near range 0.1–1 m has surface caveats; maximum error cannot be derived from 1σ.", "tax": "No current purchase price from the reviewed retailer", "rate": "10 Hz typical; 200,000 points/s", "weight": "265 g", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "Ethernet / Livox SDK2 / ROS", "priceLabel": "Not orderable from TPI", "strengths": [ "Lightweight 360° sensor with an established SDK/ROS data path.", "Documented as a reference and for existing mapping systems." ], "weaknesses": [ "Previous generation; no longer orderable from reviewed retailer.", "Close range and certain reflective or water-like surfaces have explicit limitations." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Companion computer, SDK/driver, time synchronisation, IMU/sensor extrinsics and a custom LIO/SLAM pipeline required.", "power": "6.5 W average; 9–27 V", "fov": "360° horizontal; vertical −7° to 52°", "priceStatus": "Not orderable from TPI", "availability": "No longer orderable from reviewed retailer TPI", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "id": "livox-mid-360s", "manufacturer": "Livox", "name": "MID-360S", "amount": 599, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://tpi-livox.eu/products/mid360s.html", "sources": [ { "title": "Livox official technical data", "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360s/specs" }, { "title": "TPI retailer net price", "url": "https://tpi-livox.eu/products/mid360s.html" }, { "title": "Gebrüder Kraus German retailer price", "url": "https://www.livoxtech.de/products/mid-360.html" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D LiDAR", "role": "Surroundings / SLAM", "range": "0.10–100 m; 40 m at 10% reflectance", "accuracy": "≤4 cm spread (1σ) at 0.2 m; ≤2 cm at 10 m.", "fit": "Affordable candidate for 3D mapping and local motion estimation.", "limits": "Manufacturer lists restrictions at 0.1–1 m for certain surfaces. 1σ is not a guaranteed ±4 cm bound. Provide independent close-range sensing.", "tax": "Confirmed net price; taxes and shipping are additional.", "rate": "10 Hz typical; 200,000 points/s", "weight": "265 g", "protection": "IP67", "interface": "Ethernet / SDK2 / ROS 2", "priceLabel": "599 EUR", "strengths": [ "Price-accessible 360° 3D sensor at 265 g.", "Ethernet and SDK2/ROS2 as a basis for mapping and odometry." ], "weaknesses": [ "≤4 cm at 0.2 m is 1σ spread, not a guaranteed maximum error.", "Observe surface caveats at 0.1–1 m and limited vertical coverage." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Integrate a current model-specific driver, companion computer, synchronisation and LIO/SLAM processing; flight controller receives derived measurements/pose.", "power": "6.5 W; 9–27 V DC", "fov": "360° horizontal; vertical −7° to +52°", "priceStatus": "€599", "availability": "Authorized EU dealer offers ordering; confirm lead time.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "id": "ouster-os0-128-rev8", "manufacturer": "Ouster", "name": "OS0-128 Rev8", "amount": 14923, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://www.reichelt.com/de/en/shop/product/ouster_multi-layer_3d_lidar_os0_rev8_128_layers_90_0_-_250_m-441657", "sources": [ { "title": "Ouster official OS0 product", "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os0-lidar-sensor" }, { "title": "Ouster OS0 Rev8: manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-os0.pdf" }, { "title": "Reichelt exact OS0-128 Rev8 retailer price", "url": "https://www.reichelt.com/de/en/shop/product/ouster_multi-layer_3d_lidar_os0_rev8_128_layers_90_0_-_250_m-441657" }, { "title": "Ouster: current Rev8 product family", "url": "https://ouster.com/rev8" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D LiDAR", "role": "Premium / industrial comparison", "range": "35 m at 10% and 75 m at 80% reflectance (100 klx, >90% detection probability); 500 m is the encodable range. Minimum distance 0.5 m default, optional 0.3/0.0 m.", "accuracy": "Typically ±1.25 cm on diffuse targets and ±2.5 cm on retroreflectors; precision 0.25–1.5 cm (1σ). These figures apply beyond 1 m at 1024 × 10 Hz. 1 mm distance resolution is not an accuracy guarantee.", "fit": "128 channels, 360° × 90°, broad 3D field of view and industrial housing.", "limits": "Accuracy specifications apply beyond 1 m under stated test conditions. Adjustable minimum distance does not establish accuracy at 50 cm. Glass, wetting and spray mist require testing in the actual setup.", "tax": "Includes 19% VAT; shipping extra; special order", "rate": "5–40 Hz depending on mode; 4096 horizontal samples at 5/10 Hz; up to 10.49 million returns/s.", "weight": "500 g without cap/baseplate; 580 g with cap.", "protection": "IP68 / IP69K with I/O cable connected and correctly locked.", "interface": "UDP over Gigabit Ethernet; HTTPS API, synchronous IMU, PTP/gPTP/PPS; manufacturer SDK plus ROS and ROS2.", "priceLabel": "14,923 EUR", "strengths": [ "Broad 360° × 90° coverage and dense vertical sampling.", "Robust housing and documented SDK/ROS ecosystem." ], "weaknesses": [ "High purchase price, weight and power demand compared with compact sensors.", "Quoted accuracy applies only beyond 1 m; no evidence for 50 cm nozzle standoff." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Gigabit Ethernet, adequate power supply and companion processing; check revision, scan mode, synchronisation and calibration.", "power": "15 W nominal, 10–20 W at 1024 × 10 Hz; supply at least 30 W.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 90° vertical (−45° to +45°).", "priceStatus": "€14,923", "availability": "Retailer special order; confirm lead time", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked supplier", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "manufacturer": "Ouster", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "Rotating 3D LiDAR", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "Price on request; taxes and shipping depend on quotation.", "priceSource": "https://ouster.com/rev8", "accuracy": "Typically ±1.25 cm on diffuse targets and ±2.5 cm on retroreflectors; precision 0.25–1.5 cm (1σ). These figures apply beyond 1 m at 1024 × 10 Hz. 1 mm distance resolution is not an accuracy guarantee.", "protection": "IP68 / IP69K with I/O cable connected and correctly locked.", "interface": "UDP over Gigabit Ethernet; HTTPS API, synchronous IMU, PTP/gPTP/PPS; manufacturer SDK plus ROS and ROS2.", "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Allow for companion computer, thermally suitable mount, time synchronisation and calibrated sensor-to-nozzle transformation. Integrate point cloud into flight and distance estimation.", "availability": "Currently offered as Rev8 and available for enquiry from manufacturer. Launch announcement states order availability and planned shipping; confirm exact variant and lead time in quotation.", "regions": "International manufacturer sales; regional distributors. Obtain firm availability confirmation for the selected variant in Germany.", "id": "ouster-os1-max-rev8", "name": "OS1 Max Rev8 (64 / 128 / 256 channels)", "role": "Long-range 3D sensing and large-scale facade geometry.", "range": "200 m at 10% and 350 m at 80% reflectance (100 klx, >90% detection probability); 500 m maximum encodable range. Minimum range 0.5 m default; optional 0.3/0.0 m.", "rate": "5–40 Hz depending on configuration; Max has 4096 horizontal samples at 5 Hz. Up to 10.49 million returns/s.", "weight": "670 g without cap/baseplate; 720 g with cap.", "power": "19 W nominal, 15–25 W at 1024 × 10 Hz; allow at least 30 W supply power.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 43.9° vertical.", "fit": "More suited to larger payload platforms and surveying before cleaning. Long range alone does not improve 50 cm nozzle standoff.", "strengths": [ "High point density and range support modelling larger buildings.", "Native colour and integrated IMU simplify integration into a perception pipeline." ], "weaknesses": [ "Higher weight and energy demand than OS1 and compact robotics LiDAR.", "Extra range provides no demonstrated benefit for pure close-range control." ], "limits": "The current Rev8 long-range model is called OS1 Max. OS2 Rev8 is not established on the current manufacturer page. No evidence for reliable glass or spray-mist measurements, and no guarantee of 50 cm ±5 cm nozzle standoff.", "sources": [ { "title": "Ouster OS1 Max Rev8: manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-os1-max.pdf" }, { "title": "Ouster: current OS1 Max product", "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1-max" }, { "title": "Ouster: current Rev8 product family", "url": "https://ouster.com/rev8" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "manufacturer": "Ouster", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "Rotating 3D LiDAR", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "Price on request; taxes and shipping depend on quotation.", "priceSource": "https://ouster.com/rev8", "accuracy": "Typically ±1.25 cm on diffuse targets and ±2.5 cm on retroreflectors; precision 0.25–1.5 cm (1σ). These figures apply beyond 1 m at 1024 × 10 Hz. 1 mm distance resolution is not an accuracy guarantee.", "protection": "IP68 / IP69K with I/O cable connected and correctly locked.", "interface": "UDP over Gigabit Ethernet; HTTPS API, synchronous IMU, PTP/gPTP/PPS; manufacturer SDK plus ROS and ROS2.", "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Allow for companion computer, thermally suitable mount, time synchronisation and calibrated sensor-to-nozzle transformation. Integrate point cloud into flight and distance estimation.", "availability": "Currently offered as Rev8 and available for enquiry from manufacturer. Launch announcement states order availability and planned shipping; confirm exact variant and lead time in quotation.", "regions": "International manufacturer sales; regional distributors. Obtain firm availability confirmation for the selected variant in Germany.", "id": "ouster-os1-rev8", "name": "OS1 Rev8 (32 / 64 / 128 channels)", "role": "Medium range for facade models and obstacle detection.", "range": "90 m at 10% and 170 m at 80% reflectance (100 klx, >90% detection probability); 500 m maximum encodable range. Minimum range 0.5 m default; optional 0.3 or 0.0 m.", "rate": "5–40 Hz depending on mode; 4096 horizontal samples at 5/10 Hz. Up to 10.49 million returns/s, not in every combination.", "weight": "500 g without cap/baseplate; 580 g with cap.", "power": "15 W nominal, 10–20 W at 1024 × 10 Hz; size supply for at least 30 W.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 44° vertical (−22° to +22°).", "fit": "Plausible as a 3D sensor on a drone with sufficient payload capacity. The test specification beyond 1 m does not establish ±5 cm nozzle control at 50 cm.", "strengths": [ "Native colour points can support identification of facade sections.", "360° point cloud provides environmental context beyond a single distance value." ], "weaknesses": [ "Power demand, mounting and processing load matter on small drones.", "44° vertical coverage requires mounting suited to the facade." ], "limits": "500 m means representable distance, not assured detection. Glass, wet surfaces and spray mist are unproven for this cleaning setup; test close range separately. Designed for functional safety does not mean all certifications are complete or that the drone is certified.", "sources": [ { "title": "Ouster OS1 Rev8: manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-os1.pdf" }, { "title": "Ouster: current Rev8 product family", "url": "https://ouster.com/rev8" }, { "title": "Ouster: Rev8 availability and context", "url": "https://ouster.com/insights/blog/introducing-rev8-os-family" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, time-aligned IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control cleaning flight." }, { "manufacturer": "Ouster", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D spinning LiDAR", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "Price on request; taxes and shipping depend on the quotation.", "priceSource": "https://ouster.com/rev8", "accuracy": "Typically ±1.25 cm on diffuse targets / ±2.5 cm on retroreflectors; precision 0.5–5 cm (1σ), beyond 1 m at 1024 × 10 Hz. 1 mm resolution is not accuracy.", "protection": "IP68 / IP69K with the I/O cable connected and correctly locked.", "interface": "UDP over Gigabit Ethernet; HTTPS API, synchronous IMU, PTP/gPTP/PPS; manufacturer SDK plus ROS and ROS 2.", "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Allow for a companion computer, thermally suitable mount, time synchronization and calibrated sensor/nozzle transformation. Integrate the point cloud into flight and distance estimation.", "availability": "Currently offered as Rev8 and available for quotation from the manufacturer. The launch announcement gives ordering availability and planned shipping; confirm the specific variant and lead time in the quote.", "regions": "International manufacturer sales and regional distribution partners. Obtain firm confirmation of availability of the chosen variant for Germany.", "id": "ouster-osdome-rev8", "name": "OSDome Rev8 (32 / 64 / 128 channels)", "role": "Hemispherical near-field sensing and obstacle context.", "range": "20 m at 10% and 45 m at 80% reflectivity (100 klx, >90% detection probability). Datasheet: 500 m encodable; minimum range 0.5 m standard, optionally 0.3/0.0 m.", "rate": "5–40 Hz depending on mode; 4096 samples at 5/10 Hz; up to 10.49 million returns/s.", "weight": "540 g without baseplate.", "power": "15 W nominal; 10–20 W, plus allowance for accessories and startup.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 180° vertical; hemispherical coverage according to the manufacturer.", "fit": "Interesting for broad near-field sensing if propellers, frame and hose do not obstruct the field of view.", "strengths": [ "Hemispherical sensing can cover several obstacle directions.", "Native colour and shared Ouster tools standardize data processing." ], "weaknesses": [ "A broad field of view generates many points that are irrelevant to nozzle control.", "Precision varies with target and distance; the best value is not a general error bound." ], "limits": "The manufacturer product page and datasheet differ in their maximum numeric range; the datasheet figure is described here as encodable range. 180° coverage and IP protection do not demonstrate measurement stability through spray. Validate 50 cm nozzle control separately.", "sources": [ { "title": "Ouster OSDome Rev8 — manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-osdome.pdf" }, { "title": "Ouster — current Rev8 product family", "url": "https://ouster.com/rev8" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, correctly timed IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control a cleaning flight." }, { "id": "robosense-airy-96", "manufacturer": "RoboSense", "name": "Airy · 96 Beam", "amount": 999, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://store.robosense.ai/products/airy?variant=44401434165301", "sources": [ { "title": "RoboSense official shop: 96-beam price", "url": "https://store.robosense.ai/products/airy?variant=44401434165301" }, { "title": "RoboSense official manual/wiki", "url": "https://robosense-robotics.github.io/product-manual/en/Airy/" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D LiDAR", "role": "Broad environmental perception", "range": "0.10–60 m; 30 m at 10% reflectivity", "accuracy": "Typically 1.5 cm dispersion (1σ), using a specified diffuse reflector.", "fit": "Lightweight 3D comparison candidate with a 360° × 90° field of view.", "limits": "1σ is not a maximum error bound. Check orientation of the 0–90° field and the documented scan gap in 96-beam mode; confirm availability.", "tax": "Displayed shop price; tax status unconfirmed. Check shipping and import costs separately.", "rate": "10 Hz; 856,320 points/s", "weight": "230 ±20 g", "protection": "IP67 / IP6K9K", "interface": "Ethernet / UDP / ROS", "priceLabel": "999 USD", "strengths": [ "Broad 360° × 90° field of view at low sensor weight.", "Industrial enclosure and documented Ethernet/ROS connection." ], "weaknesses": [ "Check field-of-view orientation and the mode-specific scan gap.", "1σ precision is not maximum flight deviation; confirm the German checkout price and delivery date." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "ROS driver, scan mode, synchronization, calibration and companion processing must match the flight and map coordinate frames.", "power": "8 W typical; 9–32 V DC", "fov": "360° horizontal; 0° to 90° vertical", "priceStatus": "999 USD", "availability": "Manufacturer shows availability notification; lead time unconfirmed.", "regions": "International manufacturer/distributor catalogue; confirm delivery to Germany with the linked vendor", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, correctly timed IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control a cleaning flight." }, { "id": "robosense-fairy48", "manufacturer": "RoboSense", "name": "Fairy 48-Beam – Device Only", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "Compact digital 3D spinning LiDAR", "role": "Lightweight sensor for dense 3D façade points and UAV mapping.", "amount": 1699, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Manufacturer shop mentions DDP and duties/import taxes calculated at checkout. Check the destination-specific final amount; accessory kit is separate.", "priceSource": "https://store.robosense.ai/products/fairy-48-beam-3d-lidar", "range": "Up to 150 m manufacturer maximum; the reviewed product page does not separately establish minimum detection distance. 0.5 m is the lower limit of a published precision test, not necessarily the blind zone.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer states 0.5 cm (1σ): classify as precision, not guaranteed ±0.5 cm absolute error. Family page: 0.5–70 m, 50% reflectivity, 30 °C, channels 25–72; confirm applicability to the supplied 48-channel variant.", "rate": "48-channel shop version: approximately 690,000 points/s single and 1.38 million dual; horizontal/vertical sampling 0.25° × 0.67°.", "weight": "Under 350 g according to manufacturer; φ75 × 70 mm.", "power": "No verified power figure for the exact 48-channel variant on the reviewed manufacturer pages; request a binding datasheet.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 32° vertical.", "protection": "Not fully specified for the exact shop variant on the reviewed manufacturer pages; request a binding variant datasheet.", "interface": "RoboSense SDK with ROS/ROS 2 support lists RS-LiDAR-FAIRY; TX/T1 accessory variants in the shop, so specify the connection standard.", "fit": "Low weight and a structured point cloud are promising for UAV trials. Resolve missing near-range and variant data before selection.", "strengths": [ "High point count below 350 g is attractive for a drone.", "The manufacturer explicitly lists drones as an application." ], "weaknesses": [ "Do not mix 48/96-channel specifications or accessory variants.", "Advertised 1σ precision does not establish absolute accuracy on glass or at 50 cm." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Select the correct TX/T1 connection, firmware, IMU calibration and driver version. First establish the offered unit’s supply, protection rating and minimum distance.", "availability": "Listed with a price in the manufacturer shop, currently with an availability notification rather than confirmed immediate stock. European retailer ROS Components quotes ordering with 4–6 weeks lead time.", "regions": "International manufacturer shop and European specialist retailers; confirm destination delivery and stock.", "limits": "Do not derive near-range suitability from the 0.5 m test value. 1σ is neither maximum deviation nor a 50 cm ±5 cm system guarantee. Glass, wet façades and cleaning spray remain unproven.", "sources": [ { "title": "RoboSense — Fairy family and test conditions", "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/Fairy" }, { "title": "RoboSense — public price for the exact 48-channel version", "url": "https://store.robosense.ai/products/fairy-48-beam-3d-lidar" }, { "title": "ROS Components — Fairy European backorder listing", "url": "https://www.roscomponents.com/es/producto/fairy/" }, { "title": "RoboSense — official SDK with ROS/ROS 2 support", "url": "https://github.com/RoboSense-LiDAR/rslidar_sdk" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "1,699 USD", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, correctly timed IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control a cleaning flight." }, { "id": "robosense-helios32-f70", "manufacturer": "RoboSense", "name": "Helios 32 (H32F70)", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "32-channel 3D surround LiDAR", "role": "Three-dimensional surround view with strong downward coverage for mapping/SLAM.", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "Exact H32F70 unit price is unclear in the multi-variant shop; request a Device Only quotation.", "priceSource": "https://store.robosense.ai/products/helios-series", "range": "Up to 150 m; 110 m at 10% NIST reflectivity; blind zone ≤0.2 m", "accuracy": "Typical range precision 1 cm on a 50% NIST target, dependent on channel/environment", "rate": "5/10/20 Hz; 576,000 points/s single, 1,152,000 dual return", "weight": "1,000 ±50 g", "power": "9–32 V; 12 W at 10 Hz", "fov": "360° horizontal × 70° vertical (−55° to +15°)", "protection": "IP67 and IP6K9K according to current shop", "interface": "100BASE-T1; UDP; PPS/$GPRMC, PTP/gPTP", "fit": "Strong 3D surround mapping on a sufficiently capable platform; about 1 kg of sensor plus wiring is substantial for a small drone.", "strengths": [ "True spatial 360° data rather than a single scan plane", "70° vertical field focused below the sensor" ], "weaknesses": [ "High mass compared with compact solid-state sensors", "100BASE-T1 may require a suitable interface box/media converter" ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Add RoboSense drivers, a computer, Ethernet connection, synchronized IMU/poses and LiDAR SLAM; specify the connection kit.", "availability": "H32F70 currently listed in the official RoboSense shop; order through customer service and confirm availability.", "regions": "Official international RoboSense shop; check destination and duties in the quotation.", "limits": "Do not mix current H32F70 data with older RS-Helios-16P data. IP6K9K is not blanket approval for cleaning chemicals or glass navigation.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Produces spatial surround point clouds. Mapping needs a trajectory/poses, IMU, synchronization and a SLAM computer; georeferencing also needs GNSS/INS. Not a complete flight-navigation package.", "sources": [ { "title": "RoboSense official Helios shop: exact H32F70 column", "url": "https://store.robosense.ai/products/helios-series" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request" }, { "id": "robosense-bpearl", "manufacturer": "RoboSense", "name": "RS-Bpearl (offered 0.92 kg configuration)", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "3D spinning LiDAR", "role": "Established comparison sensor for hemispherical near-field perception.", "amount": 2436, "currency": "EUR", "tax": "Tax status is unclear on the reviewed product page; confirm the final price and shipping.", "priceSource": "https://www.roscomponents.com/product/rs-bpearl/", "range": "For this documented configuration: 0.1–30 m at 10% reflectivity; manufacturer specifies a near blind zone ≤10 cm.", "accuracy": "Associated manufacturer manual: typically ±3 cm on a 50% NIST target; do not transfer another Bpearl revision’s 1 cm precision.", "rate": "10/20 Hz in the associated older manual; approximately 576,000 points/s according to retailer.", "weight": "0.92 kg without cable for this listing.", "power": "13 W typical, 9–32 V DC in associated manufacturer documentation.", "fov": "360° horizontal × 90° vertical, hemispherical.", "protection": "IP67 according to associated manual.", "interface": "100 Mbit Ethernet/UDP; manufacturer SDK with ROS and ROS 2 supports RS-Bpearl.", "fit": "Technically testable as a broad near-field sensor, but almost 1 kg sensor weight is unattractive for small drones.", "strengths": [ "Broad near-field coverage can support obstacle detection beside a façade.", "Documentation and drivers have been available for some time." ], "weaknesses": [ "Much heavier than JT16, JT128 or Airy.", "Bpearl is sold in different revisions with different weights and accuracy specifications." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Tie this price listing to its 0.92 kg specification; confirm exact revision, datasheet and package contents before ordering.", "availability": "ROS Components offers backordering with an estimated 2–4 week lead time; immediate stock is not confirmed.", "regions": "European robotics specialist retailer; confirm international shipping and taxes in the quotation.", "limits": "The manufacturer manual describes an older configuration; newer Bpearl documents give different values. Do not mix revisions into an idealized sensor. No proof for glass/water/spray or 50 cm ±5 cm nozzle distance.", "sources": [ { "title": "RoboSense — Bpearl product page and near blind zone", "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/Bpearl" }, { "title": "RoboSense — manual for the older 0.92 kg RS-Bpearl configuration, hosted by a specialist retailer", "url": "https://www.roscomponents.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Bpearl_User_Guide.pdf" }, { "title": "ROS Components — Bpearl configuration, price and lead time", "url": "https://www.roscomponents.com/product/rs-bpearl/" }, { "title": "RoboSense — official SDK with ROS/ROS 2 support", "url": "https://github.com/RoboSense-LiDAR/rslidar_sdk" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "2,436 EUR", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, correctly timed IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control a cleaning flight." }, { "id": "seyond-robin-e1x", "manufacturer": "Seyond", "name": "Robin E1X (192-line configuration)", "kind": "3d", "kindLabel": "Directional hybrid 3D LiDAR", "role": "Low-power forward sensor for more distant façades and obstacles.", "amount": 3750, "currency": "USD", "tax": "CRATUS sales terms: USD excluding taxes, duties, shipping, insurance and fees; other DDP quotations may differ.", "priceSource": "https://www.cratustech.com/product/seyond-robin-e1x-mid-range-general-purpose-lidar-for-adas/", "range": "1–250 m according to the current manufacturer page and 192-line brochure; 200 m at 10% reflectivity. Older 96-line documents specify up to 300 m.", "accuracy": "±5 cm ranging accuracy; 3 cm precision (1σ). Angular sampling of 0.1° × 0.1° is a different quantity.", "rate": "10–20 frames/s depending on configuration; 192 lines in the current datasheet.", "weight": "470 g.", "power": "6 W according to associated manufacturer brochure; 9–16 V DC.", "fov": "120° horizontal × 20° vertical; no surround view.", "protection": "IP67 enclosure, IP69K window according to manufacturer.", "interface": "Automotive Ethernet 1000BASE-T1, compatible with 100BASE-T1; UDP/TCP; PTP/gPTP/NTP. Official Seyond driver supports Robin E1X plus ROS and ROS 2.", "fit": "Unsuitable for direct measurement at a 50 cm sensor-to-surface distance because minimum range is 1 m. For a set-back sensor, calculate the actual sensor distance from the nozzle geometry.", "strengths": [ "Low power and a flat enclosure simplify mechanical integration.", "A directional field of view can simplify processing a forward sector." ], "weaknesses": [ "A 1 m minimum range excludes direct measurement at 50 cm; assess a larger sensor distance from the actual geometry.", "T1 Ethernet requires a suitable host interface or media converter." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Check Automotive Ethernet connection, supply and the exact line/scan variant. Provide a separate suitable near-range sensor.", "availability": "Publicly offered by CRATUS for USD 3,750; authorized US distributor US LiDAR also lists a purchase option. Confirm delivery for the 192-line variant.", "regions": "Manufacturer offices in the USA, Germany and China; specialist distribution documented in the USA and UK/Benelux.", "limits": "250/300 m and 96/192-line figures depend on revision/configuration. Manufacturer claims about mounting behind vehicle glass do not prove measurement of a glass façade. No demonstrated spray suitability or 50 cm ±5 cm guarantee.", "sources": [ { "title": "Seyond — current Robin E1X product page", "url": "https://seyond.com/products/robin-e/" }, { "title": "Seyond — 192-line brochure with accuracy, weight and power", "url": "https://www.seyond.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Robin-E1X_EN_automotive-1.pdf" }, { "title": "Seyond — official ROS/ROS 2 driver", "url": "https://github.com/Seyond-Inc/seyond_ros_driver" }, { "title": "CRATUS — Robin E1X price", "url": "https://www.cratustech.com/product/seyond-robin-e1x-mid-range-general-purpose-lidar-for-adas/" }, { "title": "CRATUS — currency, tax and shipping terms", "url": "https://www.cratustech.com/sales-terms-and-conditions/" }, { "title": "US LiDAR — international purchasing channel", "url": "https://us-lidar.com/seyond-lidar-sensors/" }, { "title": "Digiflec — Seyond distribution in the UK and Benelux", "url": "https://digiflec.com/seyond/" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "3,750 USD", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "3d", "mappingNote": "Spatial point clouds become a map through registration, correctly timed IMU/pose data and SLAM. Georeferencing additionally requires suitable GNSS/INS data and calibration; the sensor alone does not control a cleaning flight." }, { "id": "riegl-vux1uav22", "manufacturer": "RIEGL", "name": "VUX-1UAV²² — scanner only", "kind": "survey", "kindLabel": "High-performance UAV surveying scanner", "role": "Dense georeferenced corridor/terrain point clouds for professional surveying.", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "Manufacturer quote depends on GNSS/INS, software and integration; no verified public fixed price.", "priceSource": "https://www.riegl.com/en-usa/products/detail/riegl-vux-1uav-22", "range": "PRR-dependent: at 50 kHz up to 755 m @20% / 1,415 m @80%; at 1,200 kHz 160 / 320 m; minimum distance 1.5–3 m", "accuracy": "10 mm measurement accuracy; 5 mm precision (1σ at 150 m)", "rate": "Up to 1.2 MHz PRR and 1.2 million measurements/s; 10–200 scans/s", "weight": "3.5 kg without / 3.75 kg with fan; excluding external GNSS/IMU", "power": "11–34 V; typically 60 W excluding external GNSS/IMU", "fov": "Up to 360° line scan", "protection": "IP64", "interface": "Gigabit LAN, USB 2.0, GNSS RS232/PPS; 1 TB SSD", "fit": "For separate surveying flights on a large platform; usually too heavy for compact façade-cleaning drones.", "strengths": [ "High point rate and up to 15 returns in suitable PRR modes", "Highly precise survey sensor with internal data storage" ], "weaknesses": [ "3.5 kg sensor and 60 W before GNSS/INS/accessories", "Near-range limitations and cooling complicate façade navigation" ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Allow for a capable platform, GNSS/INS, boresight calibration, trajectory processing and RIEGL analysis software.", "availability": "Current manufacturer datasheet dated 17 August 2026; specific system configuration on request.", "regions": "RIEGL Austria/Germany and international offices.", "limits": "Maximum range and maximum point rate occur at different PRR settings. Ranging accuracy does not automatically equal georeferenced map accuracy.", "tasks": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "vermessung", "mappingNote": "The line scanner produces a georeferenced 3D map only through flight motion and precise GNSS/IMU poses. Do not confuse a bare scanner with a complete VUX-SYS payload; not a cleaning-navigation system.", "sources": [ { "title": "RIEGL manufacturer product page, specifications and datasheet download", "url": "https://www.riegl.com/en-usa/products/detail/riegl-vux-1uav-22" }, { "title": "RIEGL VUX-1UAV²² datasheet, revision 17 August 2026", "url": "https://www.riegl.com/fileadmin/media/Products/04_UAV_based_Scanning/RIEGL_VUX-1UAV-22/RIEGL_VUX-1UAV-22_Datasheet_2026-08-17.pdf" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request" }, { "id": "riegl-minivux3uav", "manufacturer": "RIEGL", "name": "miniVUX-3UAV — scanner only", "kind": "survey", "kindLabel": "UAV surveying scanner", "role": "Professional line scanner for georeferenced terrain/object point clouds.", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "Configuration and price on manufacturer request; no publicly verified fixed unit price.", "priceSource": "https://www.riegl.com/en-usa/products/detail/riegl-minivux-3uav", "range": "From 2 m; up to 170 m at ≥20% / 330 m at ≥80% reflectivity (mode-dependent)", "accuracy": "15 mm measurement accuracy; 10 mm precision under RIEGL test conditions", "rate": "PRR 100/200/300 kHz; up to 200,000 measurements/s; up to 100 scans/s", "weight": "1.55 kg without / 1.60 kg with fan; excluding external GNSS/IMU", "power": "11–34 V; typically 18 W at 100 scans/s", "fov": "360° at 100 kHz / reduced at 200 kHz; 180° at 200 kHz; 120° at 300 kHz", "protection": "IP64", "interface": "2× Gigabit LAN; Wi-Fi; GNSS RS232/PPS; SD storage", "fit": "Survey sensor for a separate mapping mission; payload mass and a 2 m minimum range fit close-range cleaning poorly.", "strengths": [ "Up to five returns per pulse and precise surveying data", "Selectable scan/PRR modes for different mapping tasks" ], "weaknesses": [ "The bare scanner does not provide a complete surveyed trajectory", "High mass, 2 m minimum distance and cooling requirements" ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Add GNSS/INS, such as the optional RiLOC solution, a mount, boresight calibration, trajectory/RIEGL software and a data workflow.", "availability": "Current RIEGL product with RiLOC system options; project-specific price and lead time.", "regions": "RIEGL Austria, Germany and worldwide office/partner network.", "limits": "Measurement accuracy does not equal complete map accuracy. 300 kHz PRR does not mean 300,000 output measurements/s. Not a substitute for obstacle/glass protection.", "tasks": [ "kartierung" ], "mappingClass": "vermessung", "mappingNote": "A moving line scanner combined with a GNSS/IMU trajectory produces a georeferenced 3D point cloud. Distinguish the bare scanner from an integrated miniVUX-SYS/RiLOC payload; no autonomous cleaning navigation.", "sources": [ { "title": "RIEGL miniVUX-3UAV manufacturer page and system scope", "url": "https://www.riegl.com/en-usa/products/detail/riegl-minivux-3uav" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request" }, { "id": "yellowscan-mapper-plus", "manufacturer": "YellowScan", "name": "Mapper+", "kind": "survey", "kindLabel": "Integrated UAV surveying payload", "role": "Matched LiDAR/GNSS/IMU system for georeferenced 3D maps.", "amount": null, "currency": null, "tax": "Manufacturer quote depends on mount, software and accessories; no verified public fixed price. EUR/USD 0 shop placeholders are not prices.", "priceSource": "https://www.yellowscan.com/products/mapper-plus/", "range": "Recommended maximum flight altitude 100 m AGL; laser range up to 230 m", "accuracy": "System accuracy 4 cm; system precision 3.5 cm according to manufacturer", "rate": "Up to 240,000 laser pulses/s, up to 3 returns; up to 10 Hz; manufacturer example 170 points/m² at 100 m / 10 m/s", "weight": "1.1 kg without battery; manufacturer lists 1.3 kg for the supplied Mapper+", "power": "35 W; own battery or power through the platform interface", "fov": "70.4° × 4.5° in the specified mapping configuration", "protection": "No overall IP rating stated on the reviewed product page", "interface": "Integrated Livox Avia + Applanix APX-15 UAV; Skyport/Gremsy or external power connection, USB data workflow", "fit": "More complete survey payload for separate mapping missions; serves a substantially different purpose from real-time glass distance and cleaning navigation.", "strengths": [ "LiDAR, GNSS/INS and boresight calibration as a matched system", "Package includes GNSS antenna, batteries and POSPac UAV software" ], "weaknesses": [ "Higher mass and 35 W system power consumption", "Clarify mapping software/licences and platform integration for each project" ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Requires a suitable drone mount, GNSS correction/trajectory workflow and map processing; clarify CloudStation/LiveStation options separately.", "availability": "Currently in the YellowScan range; request a binding package specification and delivery date.", "regions": "YellowScan France with a worldwide partner network; EU project support available.", "limits": "100 m AGL is mission guidance; 230 m laser range is not a navigation clearance. System accuracy assumes suitable acquisition/GNSS conditions; no glass approval.", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "position" ], "mappingClass": "vermessung", "mappingNote": "Integrated LiDAR/GNSS/IMU payload for a georeferenced 3D point cloud after trajectory and point-cloud processing. Includes more than a bare sensor, but does not replace autonomous cleaning or collision control.", "sources": [ { "title": "YellowScan Mapper+ manufacturer page, system specifications and package contents", "url": "https://www.yellowscan.com/products/mapper-plus/" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "catalogViews": [ "kartierung" ], "priceLabel": "Price on request" }, { "id": "ark-flow", "manufacturer": "ARK Electronics", "name": "ARK Flow (ARK-FLOW; standard, not MR/LR)", "kind": "optflow", "kindLabel": "Optical flow + ToF", "role": "Relative ground motion to reduce drift; ToF height", "amount": 250, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Excludes taxes, duties and shipping under ARK sales terms; Ex Works Murray, Utah, unless otherwise agreed.", "priceSource": "https://arkelectron.com/product/ark-flow/", "range": "Flow from 0.08 m, optically without a fixed far-focus limit; integrated ToF, typically up to 30 m, limits the metric height reference", "accuracy": "No general module accuracy for velocity or distance stated in the reviewed product overview", "rate": "Output rate not reliably specified in the reviewed excerpt", "weight": "5 g; board 30 × 30 × 14 mm", "power": "5 V; 71 mA average, 76 mA maximum", "fov": "ToF transmit beam 2° × 2°; flow FoV not stated on the reviewed standard product page", "protection": "Exposed module; no IP rating stated", "interface": "DroneCAN, two 4-pin JST-GH; PAW3902, AFBR-S50LV85D and IMU", "fit": "Very lightweight supplementary measurement against ground-relative drift in suitable scenes.", "strengths": [ "Schematics, firmware and mechanical files are openly available.", "PX4/ArduPilot integration and CAN firmware updates are documented." ], "weaknesses": [ "Requires ground features, valid height and light; manufacturer specifies more than 9 lux, with an IR LED for low light.", "No forward façade distance; test glossy ground and spray in the actual installation." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Mount downwards, fuse flow and ToF, and define quality thresholds and spray protection.", "availability": "Manufacturer shop: in stock when checked.", "regions": "Manufacturer/shop offering from Utah, USA verified; destination countries are not guaranteed, so request delivery confirmation.", "limits": "Infinite optical working distance does not imply infinite metric navigation range; height, resolution and scene limit operation. Motion limit, not output rate: up to 7.4 rad/s flow motion; output timing not verified here.", "sources": [ { "title": "ARK Flow standard: manufacturer specifications and price", "url": "https://arkelectron.com/product/ark-flow/" }, { "title": "ARK Flow official documentation", "url": "https://docs.arkelectron.com/products/sensor/ark-flow" }, { "title": "ARK Electronics prices and supply terms", "url": "https://arkelectron.com/supply-terms-conditions/" }, { "title": "PX4 flow concept and height reference", "url": "https://docs.px4.io/main/en/sensor/optical_flow" }, { "title": "ArduPilot: ground texture as the basis of flow", "url": "https://software.ardupilot.org/plane/docs/common-optical-flow-sensors-landingpage.html" } ], "priceNote": "ARK manufacturer shop: standard ARK-FLOW USD 250, not an MR/LR variant.", "motionLimitNote": "Up to 7.4 rad/s flow motion limit; output rate not verified here", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "position" ], "priceLabel": "250 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "bitcraze-lighthouse-deck", "manufacturer": "Bitcraze", "name": "Lighthouse positioning deck (114991751)", "kind": "tracking", "amount": 95, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://store.bitcraze.io/products/lighthouse-positioning-deck", "integration": "hoch", "tasks": [ "position" ], "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kindLabel": "Optical indoor positioning deck", "role": "GNSS-free laboratory flight using optical base stations", "tax": "USD 95 for deck only; at least two Lighthouse V2 stations extra", "range": "Tracked volume limited by visibility and stations; manufacturer reports a 5 × 5 m test area", "accuracy": "In a 5 × 5 m test: relative precision <1 mm, absolute accuracy <10 cm; these differ", "rate": "Depends on base stations, reception and firmware", "weight": "2.7 g", "power": "Typically 30 mA; VCOM about 3.3–5.5 V", "fov": "Four IR receivers; stations above the drone and line of sight required", "protection": "Bare board; indoor system", "interface": "UART / Crazyflie deck; observe maximum 3 V external signals", "fit": "Useful for repeatable indoor development; manufacturer does not intend sunlit facade use.", "strengths": [ "Position is computed onboard without continuous pose radio transmission.", "Lightweight introduction to optical local referencing." ], "weaknesses": [ "Explicitly indoor-only; direct sunlight can degrade IR reception.", "Other flight controllers need custom software; base stations are not included." ], "integrationNote": "Calibrate station geometry; develop a custom receiver/pose bridge for Cube/PX4. It is not a conventional rangefinder.", "availability": "Deck orderable from manufacturer store", "regions": "International store; check compatible base-station availability", "limits": "Millimetre repeatability does not mean millimetre-accurate building coordinates. Not recommended for outdoor cleaning.", "sources": [ { "title": "Bitcraze: Lighthouse Deck price", "url": "https://store.bitcraze.io/products/lighthouse-positioning-deck" }, { "title": "Bitcraze: Lighthouse system limits and accuracy", "url": "https://www.bitcraze.io/documentation/system/positioning/ligthouse-positioning-system/" }, { "title": "Bitcraze: Lighthouse hardware and external integration", "url": "https://www.bitcraze.io/products/lighthouse-positioning-deck/" } ], "priceLabel": "95 USD" }, { "id": "bitcraze-loco-deck", "manufacturer": "Bitcraze", "name": "Loco positioning deck (114990655)", "kind": "uwb", "amount": 95, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://store.bitcraze.io/collections/positioning/products/loco-positioning-deck", "integration": "hoch", "tasks": [ "position" ], "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kindLabel": "UWB positioning deck", "role": "Small local test volume for GNSS-free navigation", "tax": "USD 95 for tag deck only; anchors extra, tax and shipping depend on destination", "range": "10 m tested in datasheet; no guaranteed outdoor coverage", "accuracy": "±10 cm UWB range per DWM1000 specification; position error depends on anchors", "rate": "500 ranging measurements/s shared across anchors; about 80 Hz per anchor with six anchors", "weight": "3.3 g", "power": "Crazyflie deck supply; max. 150 mA", "fov": "UWB radio; antenna orientation matters", "protection": "Bare board; protect from water", "interface": "Crazyflie deck interface; no ready-made Cube/PX4 sensor", "fit": "Affordable learning and bench-testing option, primarily developed for indoor Crazyflie use.", "strengths": [ "Very small, light UWB tag.", "Open hardware/software documentation and onboard position computation." ], "weaknesses": [ "The tag cannot establish spatial coordinates without anchors.", "No rugged outdoor cleaning integration; anchor nodes temporarily out of stock." ], "integrationNote": "Install at least four, preferably eight Loco Nodes; bridging to another flight controller requires custom development.", "availability": "Deck orderable; Loco Nodes temporarily out of stock when checked", "regions": "Swedish manufacturer with international store", "limits": "Price does not include a complete system. Range error is not a guaranteed 3D position error.", "sources": [ { "title": "Bitcraze: Loco Deck price", "url": "https://store.bitcraze.io/collections/positioning/products/loco-positioning-deck" }, { "title": "Bitcraze: Loco Deck datasheet", "url": "https://www.bitcraze.io/documentation/hardware/loco_deck/loco_deck-datasheet.pdf" }, { "title": "Bitcraze: positioning systems and anchor count", "url": "https://www.bitcraze.io/documentation/system/positioning/" }, { "title": "Bitcraze: anchor availability", "url": "https://store.bitcraze.io/collections/positioning" } ], "priceLabel": "95 USD" }, { "id": "cubepilot-here4", "manufacturer": "CubePilot", "name": "Here4 Multiband RTK GNSS (HX4-06248)", "kind": "gnss", "kindLabel": "GNSS / RTK", "role": "Global outdoor position; supplementary navigation", "amount": 255, "currency": "USD", "tax": "US shop price; tax status not explicitly stated on the item. International import duties and VAT are paid by the customer under retailer terms.", "priceSource": "https://irlock.com/products/here4-multiband-rtk-gnss", "range": "Satellite position; no wall-distance measurement interval", "accuracy": "RTK 0.01 m + 1 ppm CEP according to CubePilot; only with suitable reception and correction conditions", "rate": "RTK up to 20 Hz according to manufacturer", "weight": "60 g with cable", "power": "5 V; power consumption not stated in the reviewed manufacturer documentation", "fov": "Clear satellite visibility; no optical FoV specification", "protection": "No IP rating stated in the reviewed documentation", "interface": "DroneCAN / CAN FD, NEO-F9P L1/L5; UART pins present", "fit": "Lightweight GNSS for missions and a global reference; local distance sensors remain necessary.", "strengths": [ "Multiconstellation RTK and documented CAN integration for ArduPilot and PX4.", "Integrated compass, IMU and barometer." ], "weaknesses": [ "RTK requires a base or correction service; CubePilot specifies open-sky visibility and warns about built-up environments.", "Building reflections and occlusion are critical near a façade; position does not replace surface measurement." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Handle correction delivery and fix loss; check hardware/firmware versions, especially for moving baseline.", "availability": "IR-LOCK direct page: 160 units in stock/ready to ship when checked; stock can change.", "regions": "IR-LOCK US warehouse; international DHL/UPS options under its shipping policy, with destination and cost checked at checkout.", "limits": "No confirmed ±5 cm façade control. An integrated IMU alone does not establish enabled GNSS/INS odometry.", "sources": [ { "title": "CubePilot official Here4 manual", "url": "https://github.com/CubePilot/cubepilot-docs/blob/master/here-4/here-4-manual.md" }, { "title": "IR-LOCK Here4 standard: MPN, price and stock", "url": "https://irlock.com/products/here4-multiband-rtk-gnss" }, { "title": "IR-LOCK shipping from the US warehouse", "url": "https://irlock.com/pages/shipping-1" }, { "title": "IR-LOCK international duties", "url": "https://irlock.com/pages/terms" } ], "priceNote": "IR-LOCK: standard Here4, MPN HX4-06248, USD 255; not Here4 Blue and no base station included.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "position" ], "priceLabel": "255 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "holybro-f9p-helical-can", "manufacturer": "Holybro", "name": "DroneCAN H-RTK F9P Helical (SKU 12037)", "kind": "gnss", "kindLabel": "GNSS / RTK", "role": "Global position and outdoor flight navigation; no direct wall distance", "amount": 219, "currency": "USD", "tax": "International DAP shipping from China; import tax, VAT and duties may be additional; shipping at checkout.", "priceSource": "https://holybro.com/products/dronecan-h-rtk-f9p-helical", "range": "Satellite navigation; no near-distance measurement range", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: 1.5 m with 3D fix; 0.01 m RTK under suitable conditions; no façade-clearance guarantee", "rate": "RTK up to 8 Hz; moving-base RTK up to 5 Hz; raw data up to 20 Hz", "weight": "61.2 g according to comparison table", "power": "4.75–5.25 V; approximately 250 mA", "fov": "Open sky required; no optical FoV specification", "protection": "No IP rating for the helical variant in the reviewed listing", "interface": "DroneCAN 1 Mbit/s; UART2 for moving-baseline applications; USB for base operation", "fit": "Global navigation and a return point complement local façade sensors.", "strengths": [ "Dual-band ZED-F9P and a detachable helical antenna allow flexible antenna placement.", "DroneCAN and ArduPilot/PX4 setup are documented." ], "weaknesses": [ "RTK needs correction data from a base or service and suitable satellite geometry.", "Occlusion and reflections near façades can degrade position and RTK fix; wall clearance is not measured." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Check correction delivery, antenna position, CAN termination and behaviour during RTK float/fix loss.", "availability": "Direct shop: orderable/variant available. Shipping notice: office closed 22–26 October, processing afterwards.", "regions": "Holybro shipping policy states dispatch from China and international DAP shipping; confirm the destination at checkout.", "limits": "Centimetre figures concern RTK positioning. They do not establish 50 cm clearance from glass.", "sources": [ { "title": "Holybro DroneCAN H-RTK F9P Helical: SKU, price and specifications", "url": "https://holybro.com/products/dronecan-h-rtk-f9p-helical" }, { "title": "Holybro RTK setup: base, rover and open sky", "url": "https://docs.holybro.com/gps-and-rtk-system/zed-f9p-h-rtk-series/setup-and-getting-started-ardupilot" }, { "title": "Holybro shipping, DAP and taxes", "url": "https://holybro.com/policies/shipping-policy" }, { "title": "CubePilot RTK antenna placement and difficult environments", "url": "https://github.com/CubePilot/cubepilot-docs/blob/master/here-4/here-4-manual.md" } ], "priceNote": "Holybro direct shop, exact DroneCAN Helical SKU 12037: USD 219; not UART Helical or Rover Patch.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "position" ], "priceLabel": "219 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "holybro-hflow", "manufacturer": "Holybro", "name": "H-Flow Optical Flow / Distance (SKU 19006)", "kind": "optflow", "kindLabel": "Optical flow + ToF", "role": "Relative horizontal velocity over the ground plus height measurement", "amount": 189, "currency": "USD", "tax": "International DAP shipping from China; import tax, VAT and duties may be additional; shipping at checkout.", "priceSource": "https://holybro.com/products/h-flow", "range": "Flow: stated 0.08–30 m; ToF typically up to 30 m, depending on target and environment", "accuracy": "No general velocity or distance accuracy stated in the reviewed module overview", "rate": "Output rate not reliably specified in the reviewed excerpt", "weight": "15.2 g with enclosure; 3.5 g without enclosure", "power": "Power through Pixhawk CAN connector; consumption not verified", "fov": "Flow up to 42°; ToF 12.4° × 6.2°, transmit beam 2° × 2°", "protection": "No IP rating stated; design spray protection separately", "interface": "DroneCAN, 4-pin Pixhawk JST-GH; integrated ICM-42688-P IMU", "fit": "Supplementary drift measurement during GNSS outages while textured ground remains visible.", "strengths": [ "Flow, ToF and IMU combined in one lightweight module.", "IR LED supports low light; manufacturer specifies more than 5 lux for flow." ], "weaknesses": [ "Relative motion estimation needs visible ground texture, suitable lighting and valid height.", "Test smooth, reflective or wet surfaces separately; downward flow does not measure frontal glass distance." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Configure orientation, lever arm, flow scaling, quality and EKF fusion; perform calibration over suitable ground.", "availability": "Direct shop: variant available/orderable; shipping notice says processing resumes after the 22–26 October closure.", "regions": "Ships from China under an international DAP policy; confirm destination at checkout.", "limits": "Optical flow is relative velocity information, not absolute façade localization or collision clearance. Motion limit, not output rate: flow motion up to 7.4 rad/s; this is not an image or data rate. Module output timing is not verified.", "sources": [ { "title": "Holybro H-Flow current price, SKU and technical overview", "url": "https://holybro.com/products/h-flow" }, { "title": "Holybro H-Flow installation and setup", "url": "https://docs.holybro.com/peripherals/h-flow-dronecan/setup-guide.md" }, { "title": "PX4 optical flow: distance measurement and fusion", "url": "https://docs.px4.io/main/en/sensor/optical_flow" }, { "title": "ArduPilot optical flow: ground texture and velocity measurement", "url": "https://software.ardupilot.org/plane/docs/common-optical-flow-sensors-landingpage.html" }, { "title": "Holybro shipping and duties", "url": "https://holybro.com/policies/shipping-policy" } ], "priceNote": "Holybro direct page SKU 19006: USD 189 on the retrieval date; older search indexes state USD 145.", "motionLimitNote": "Flow motion limit up to 7.4 rad/s; not an image or data rate. Module output timing is not verified.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "position" ], "priceLabel": "189 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "luxonis-oak-d-pro", "manufacturer": "Luxonis", "name": "OAK-D Pro USB – IMX378", "kind": "stereo", "kindLabel": "Active stereo/RGB-D camera with edge AI", "role": "Combines depth images, RGB documentation and local object detection.", "amount": 429, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official US shop price for the base IMX378 variant; taxes/import charges and shipping depend on destination. OV9782 variant costs more.", "priceSource": "https://shop.luxonis.com/products/oak-d-pro", "range": "Ideal approximately 0.8–12 m; minimum depth approximately 0.8 m at 800P, 0.4 m at 400P or in extended disparity mode, 0.2 m at 400P plus extended mode.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer median unit at 800P/75 mm baseline: <2% absolute depth error below 4 m, <4% at 4–7 m. Not a guaranteed maximum error for every unit.", "rate": "Depth rate depends on profile; up to 120 fps in suitable stereo configurations. 1280×800 is not generally guaranteed together with maximum filtering/AI load.", "weight": "Exact weight of this USB/RGB variant not unambiguously verified on the current primary pages reviewed here; add mount and cable.", "power": "Base streaming 2.5–3 W; AI, depth, encoder and IR add consumption. Current documentation recommends an external 15+ W supply/Y-adapter for Pro devices.", "fov": "Stereo 80° horizontal × 55° vertical; IMX378 RGB 66°×54°.", "protection": "IP66 only with the specified screw-lock USB cable; check the exact enclosure/cable revision.", "interface": "USB-C, DepthAI/RVC2, integrated BNO086 IMU; official depthai-ros driver.", "fit": "Useful when object detection or image analysis is required alongside spatial perception. Deliberately select a near-range profile for 50 cm.", "strengths": [ "An IR dot projector and floodlight support depth with weak texture or low light.", "RVC2 processes stereo and AI locally, reducing companion workload." ], "weaknesses": [ "Standard 800P starts at about 0.8 m; 50 cm sensor-to-surface distance requires another configuration.", "IMX378 RGB uses a rolling shutter; direct sunlight weakens the IR projector, and reflections/glass remain difficult." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Run DepthAI and ROS 2 on a companion; match model conversion, camera/depth profiles and power supply. Deliberately choose fixed-focus/global-shutter RGB options for vibration.", "availability": "Official shop displays ordering options and a delivery window; check stock for the exact focus/RGB variant.", "regions": "International manufacturer shop and regional distributors; taxes and shipping vary by destination.", "limits": "IR floodlight does not produce night-time colour images: RGB does not see the IR. No verified measurement guarantee for spray, water films or 50 cm ±5 cm.", "sources": [ { "title": "OAK-D Pro: current variant price", "url": "https://shop.luxonis.com/products/oak-d-pro" }, { "title": "OAK-D Pro: profiles, RGB sensor and power", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/products/OAK-D%20Pro" }, { "title": "Stereo accuracy under reference conditions", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/depth/depth-accuracy" }, { "title": "IP66 requires the specified USB cable", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/environmental-specifications/ip-rating" }, { "title": "Stereo and ToF limitations", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/depth/ToF-depth" }, { "title": "Official ROS driver", "url": "https://github.com/luxonis/depthai-ros" }, { "title": "Stereo frame rate and pipeline cost", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/software-v3/depthai/tutorials/optimizing" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "inspektion" ], "priceLabel": "429 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "luxonis-oak-d-pro-w", "manufacturer": "Luxonis", "name": "OAK-D Pro W USB – IMX378", "kind": "stereo", "kindLabel": "Wide-angle stereo/RGB-D camera with edge AI", "role": "Broad spatial perception and near-range coverage with fewer cameras.", "amount": 529, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official US shop price for the IMX378 version; OV9782 version costs more. Taxes, import charges and shipping depend on destination.", "priceSource": "https://shop.luxonis.com/products/oak-d-pro-w", "range": "Ideal 0.4–6 m; minimum depth approximately 0.37 m at 800P or 0.2 m with an extended profile. Advertised 12 m is maximum effective range at the image centre, not precision working range.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer median unit at 800P: <2% absolute depth error below 3.5 m, <4% at 3.5–6.5 m; worse towards the image edges.", "rate": "Sensor pair up to 1280×800; actual depth rate depends on profile, filters and AI. Maximum sensor rate is not a depth-pipeline guarantee.", "weight": "91 g; 97×29.5×23.1 mm, without cable/mount.", "power": "Product page: up to 7.5 W; current Pro documentation recommends an external 15+ W supply/Y-adapter. Illumination and pipeline affect consumption.", "fov": "Stereo 127° horizontal × 79.5° vertical, 150° diagonal; IMX378 RGB 95°×72°.", "protection": "IP66 only with the specified screw-lock USB cable.", "interface": "USB-C 3.2 Gen 1, RVC2/DepthAI, BNO086 IMU and depthai-ros.", "fit": "Useful for broad collision/environment perception and a nominal 50 cm near range; lower angular pixel density than standard OAK-D Pro.", "strengths": [ "The large field of view reduces lateral blind areas and can replace several narrower cameras.", "Active IR stereo, IR floodlight and local AI combined in a lightweight enclosure." ], "weaknesses": [ "Wide angle spreads pixels over a larger angle and reduces accuracy, especially at the edges.", "IMX378 RGB uses a rolling shutter; direct sunlight, glass and wet reflections remain limitations despite IR." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Connect USB to a companion and use DepthAI/ROS 2; account for wide-angle calibration, RGB-depth overlap and edge masks. Send only validated derived data to the flight controller.", "availability": "Shop offers IMX378/OV9782 variants; dynamic stock messages conflict, so confirm availability before ordering.", "regions": "International Luxonis shop and distributors; check shipping to Germany and import costs at checkout.", "limits": "150° is the diagonal stereo field of view, not the horizontal value. IP66 and near-range minimum depth do not establish ±5 cm control on a glass façade during spray.", "sources": [ { "title": "OAK-D Pro W: current IMX378 price", "url": "https://shop.luxonis.com/products/oak-d-pro-w" }, { "title": "OAK-D Pro W: current technical product details", "url": "https://checkout.luxonis.com/products/oak-d-pro-w" }, { "title": "Manufacturer accuracy measurements", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/depth/depth-accuracy" }, { "title": "Specified USB cable required for IP66", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/environmental-specifications/ip-rating" }, { "title": "Current Pro power guidance", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/products/OAK-D%20Pro" }, { "title": "Stereo/ToF limitations", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/depth/ToF-depth" }, { "title": "Official ROS driver", "url": "https://github.com/luxonis/depthai-ros" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "inspektion" ], "priceLabel": "529 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "marvelmind-industrial-super-mp-3d", "manufacturer": "Marvelmind", "name": "Starter Set Industrial Super-MP-3D", "kind": "tracking", "amount": 1199, "currency": "EUR", "priceSource": "https://marvelmind.com/product/starter-set-industrial-super-mp-3d/", "integration": "hoch", "tasks": [ "position" ], "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kindLabel": "Ultrasonic localization system", "role": "Local 3D position from fixed ultrasonic beacons", "tax": "EUR 1199 for five Industrial Super-Beacons and Super-Modem; check tax/shipping at checkout", "range": "Recommended acoustic path up to 30 m depending on frequency and environment", "accuracy": "Super-MP family: typical ±2 cm in suitable conditions; unproven in rotor wash/spray", "rate": "Depends on architecture, beacon count and fusion; no universal flight-control rate", "weight": "Set mass not specified; confirm mobile beacon mass with manufacturer", "power": "External 5 V; provide 1 A peak supply; no battery by default", "fov": "Clear acoustic line of sight to sufficient beacons required", "protection": "Industrial beacons up to IP56; some connectors IP67", "interface": "RS485 / UART / USB; Super-Modem also Wi-Fi UDP", "fit": "A GNSS-free experiment using local infrastructure; it does not measure wall distance.", "strengths": [ "The kit can provide four stationary beacons and one moving beacon.", "Ultrasound adds a measurement principle independent of camera/LiDAR." ], "weaknesses": [ "Rotors, water jets, wind and acoustic occlusion need practical testing.", "Local beacons and suitable geometry required; range does not establish coverage." ], "integrationNote": "Secure beacons, verify the local map, mount the mobile beacon with vibration control and fuse position with IMU; validate a version-specific ExternalNav bridge.", "availability": "Industrial kit listed for ordering by manufacturer", "regions": "Estonian international supplier; select matching 868/915 MHz radio variant", "limits": "This acoustic system localizes between beacons; it does not replace a wall/glass ultrasonic rangefinder. Industrial/outdoor hardware is described, but high-pressure cleaning performance is not validated.", "sources": [ { "title": "Marvelmind: Industrial Set product and price", "url": "https://marvelmind.com/product/starter-set-industrial-super-mp-3d/" }, { "title": "Marvelmind: Super-MP operating principle and typical accuracy", "url": "https://marvelmind.com/product/starter-set-super-mp-3d/" }, { "title": "Marvelmind: deployment and line of sight", "url": "https://marvelmind.com/pics/Marvelmind_Robotics_ENG_placement_manual.pdf" } ], "priceLabel": "1,199 EUR" }, { "id": "modalai-voxl2", "manufacturer": "ModalAI", "name": "VOXL 2 Board Only (MDK-M0154-1-00)", "kind": "vio", "amount": 1399.99, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.modalai.com/products/voxl-2?variant=39914779836467", "integration": "hoch", "tasks": [ "position" ], "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kindLabel": "VIO computer with IMU and flight control", "role": "Onboard computing platform for visual local navigation", "tax": "USD 1399.99 for board only on opened product page; cameras, supply, cooling and protection extra", "range": "No intrinsic ranging interval; depends on separately selected camera and scene", "accuracy": "VIO accumulates drift; no guaranteed absolute centimetre accuracy", "rate": "Depends on cameras, VIO configuration and compute load", "weight": "16 g board excluding cameras/accessories", "power": "Manufacturer lists 0.1–7 W for board; cameras/add-ons extra", "fov": "Depends on separately purchased tracking/stereo cameras", "protection": "Exposed electronics; no spray-environment IP rating specified", "interface": "MIPI cameras; PX4/ArduPilot integration, MAVLink / ROS via VOXL SDK", "fit": "Suitable platform for VIO with fixed marker references; board price is not a complete positioning sensor.", "strengths": [ "Compact platform with IMUs and a VIO software ecosystem.", "Manufacturer documents local pose and AprilTag relocalization." ], "weaknesses": [ "Requires cameras and accurate camera/IMU calibration.", "Glass, mist, contamination and featureless surfaces degrade visual tracking." ], "integrationNote": "Add a compatible tracking camera; align intrinsics/extrinsics, timestamps and firmware versions; handle quality degradation and reset jumps.", "availability": "Active production; product page states shipment within 30 business days", "regions": "US manufacturer supplying internationally; confirm import/delivery terms", "limits": "The older VOXL 2 Flight Deck is officially EOL and is not recommended as a current kit here. The VOXL 2 board alone cannot observe the environment or provide visual position.", "sources": [ { "title": "ModalAI: VOXL 2 board product, exact SKU and price", "url": "https://www.modalai.com/products/voxl-2?variant=39914779836467" }, { "title": "ModalAI: VIO setup and limitations", "url": "https://docs.modalai.com/flying-with-vio/" }, { "title": "ModalAI: AprilTag relocalisation", "url": "https://docs.modalai.com/voxl-vision-hub-apriltag-relocalization/" }, { "title": "ModalAI: end-of-life list for the earlier Flight Deck", "url": "https://www.modalai.com/pages/eol" } ], "priceLabel": "1,399.99 USD" }, { "id": "nooploop-linktrack-p-b", "manufacturer": "Nooploop", "name": "LinkTrack P-B (LTP-B)", "kind": "uwb", "amount": null, "currency": null, "priceSource": "https://www.nooploop.com/linktrack/", "integration": "hoch", "tasks": [ "position" ], "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kindLabel": "UWB tag / anchor", "role": "Local radio coordinate system without GNSS", "tax": "Request a quote; specify anchor count, antennas and regional radio variant", "range": "Selection guide V1.3: recommended P-B radio distance 300 m; facade performance unproven", "accuracy": "LinkTrack: typical 10 cm in 1D/2D, 30 cm in 3D; system figures, no ±5 cm guarantee", "rate": "Up to 200 Hz depending on system configuration", "weight": "34.3 g excluding external antenna, selection guide V1.3", "power": "3.6–5.5 V; 1.35 W, selection guide V1.3", "fov": "Radio coverage depends on antenna and installation", "protection": "IP66 in selection guide V1.3; assess connectors separately", "interface": "UART / USB; ROS protocol integration", "fit": "A local position aid with several surveyed anchors; a dedicated nozzle range sensor is still required.", "strengths": [ "The tag computes local coordinates without satellites or RTK.", "The same hardware can serve as a tag or anchor." ], "weaknesses": [ "Typical 3D error substantially exceeds the ±5 cm nozzle target.", "Metal, occlusion and poor anchor geometry can bias measurements." ], "integrationNote": "Calibrate anchors at different elevations; fuse timestamped tag measurements with IMU data and supply External Navigation.", "availability": "Manufacturer lists the P-B series; confirm current revision and radio approval", "regions": "International manufacturer supply; check regional radio variant", "limits": "Exact P-B hardware data comes from selection guide V1.3; longer distances on the current series page partly concern other variants. Native PX4/Cube compatibility is not established.", "sources": [ { "title": "Nooploop: LinkTrack product and system data", "url": "https://www.nooploop.com/linktrack/" }, { "title": "Nooploop: exact variants, selection guide V1.3", "url": "https://ftp.nooploop.com/downloads/linktrack/LinkTrack_and_Parts_Selection_Guide_Manual_V1.3_zh.pdf" }, { "title": "Nooploop: integration and protocols", "url": "https://support.nooploop.com/linktrack/" } ], "priceLabel": "Price on request" }, { "id": "optitrack-primex13", "manufacturer": "OptiTrack", "name": "PrimeX 13", "kind": "tracking", "amount": 2499, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.optitrack.com/cameras/primex-13", "integration": "hoch", "tasks": [ "position" ], "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "kindLabel": "External motion-capture camera", "role": "Reference measurement and local flight position using multiple external cameras", "tax": "From USD 2499 per camera per manufacturer; multiple cameras, Motive licence, markers and networking extra", "range": "Capture volume depends on camera count, lenses, marker size and installation", "accuracy": "System/calibration-dependent; one camera alone does not provide advertised system accuracy", "rate": "Up to 240 frames/s in manufacturer robotics brochure", "weight": "Stationary cameras remain on the ground; only markers are airborne", "power": "Stationary Ethernet/PoE system; plan network power separately", "fov": "Lens-dependent; overlapping fields of view required", "protection": "Plan weather/spray protection for the installation", "interface": "Ethernet; Motive / NatNet, custom MAVLink pose bridge", "fit": "Strong reference for a controlled test volume; substantial setup for a complete outdoor facade.", "strengths": [ "The drone carries only a lightweight marker arrangement.", "Independent reference for measuring estimator drift and control error." ], "weaknesses": [ "Drone structure, nozzle boom and hose can occlude tracking.", "A single-camera price is not a complete system budget." ], "integrationNote": "Calibrate multiple cameras and a rigid marker body; transform coordinates/timebase and monitor pose quality and link failures.", "availability": "PrimeX 13 listed; plan the system through configurator/sales", "regions": "International manufacturer/partner network", "limits": "Validate in a controlled volume. No guarantee for outdoor light, rain or arbitrary facade size; not a ready-made autonomous flight controller.", "sources": [ { "title": "OptiTrack: PrimeX 13 product", "url": "https://www.optitrack.com/cameras/primex-13" }, { "title": "OptiTrack: robotics brochure with camera prices and frame rates", "url": "https://optitrack.com/api/media/file/Robotics-Brochure-2025.pdf" }, { "title": "PX4: external motion-capture position", "url": "https://docs.px4.io/main/en/ros/external_position_estimation" } ], "priceLabel": "2,499 USD" }, { "id": "orbbec-femto-bolt", "manufacturer": "Orbbec", "name": "Femto Bolt", "kind": "tof", "kindLabel": "Area iToF/RGB-D camera", "role": "Alternative depth method for laboratory work, indoor mapping and material tests.", "amount": 418, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official manufacturer shop: taxes and shipping calculated at checkout; not a German VAT-inclusive price.", "priceSource": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/femto-bolt", "range": "WFOV: 0.25–2.21 m unbinned or 0.25–2.88 m binned. NFOV: 0.5–3.86 m unbinned or up to 5.46 m with 2×2 binning; maxima are not all simultaneous.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: typical systematic error <11 mm +0.1% of distance, random standard deviation ≤17 mm under specified conditions. No guarantee for wet glass façades.", "rate": "WFOV 1024×1024 up to 15 fps; NFOV 640×576 up to 30 fps; RGB up to 3840×2160/30 fps on the current product page.", "weight": "348 g according to current hardware documentation; older datasheets state 335 g.", "power": "4.35 W average; up to 8.7 W with DC supply or 7.7 W through Type-C according to hardware documentation.", "fov": "Depth WFOV 120°×120° or NFOV 75°×65°; RGB 80°×51°.", "protection": "No verified IP rating; manufacturer operating environment 10–25 °C and 8–90% relative humidity, non-condensing.", "interface": "USB 3.2 Gen 1 Type-C; 12 V DC or USB-C power, 8-pin synchronization, Orbbec SDK and ROS 2 wrapper.", "fit": "Useful as an iToF comparison sensor and in protected indoor spaces; poorly suited as an exposed outdoor façade sensor on the cleaning head.", "strengths": [ "Area time-of-flight sensing does not need stereo correspondence from visible texture.", "Selectable wide/normal-angle profiles, RGB and IMU support laboratory RGB-D and material comparisons." ], "weaknesses": [ "Tight specified temperature/humidity limits, no verified IP rating and 348 g argue against unprotected spray use.", "iToF remains sensitive to multipath, glass, reflections and mutual IR interference; prove outdoor operation separately." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Connect USB to a companion, use Orbbec SDK/OrbbecSDK_ROS2, and select a suitable depth mode and adequate power. Depth processing requires a host; not an autonomous flight-controller sensor.", "availability": "Official shop showed out of stock/sold out when checked; confirm actual retailer stock.", "regions": "International Orbbec shop, EU/US power adapters and distributors; delivery timing unresolved.", "limits": "iToF provides metric depth, not thermal imaging. The 0.25 m and 5.46 m limits come from different modes; 50 cm ±5 cm in spray is not confirmed.", "sources": [ { "title": "Femto Bolt: current price and stock shortage", "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/femto-bolt" }, { "title": "Femto Bolt: technical data and accuracy definitions", "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/tof-camera/femto-bolt/" }, { "title": "Current hardware specification: weight, operating environment and peak power", "url": "https://doc.orbbec.com/documentation/Orbbec%20Femto%20Bolt%20Documentation/Femto%20Bolt%20Hardware%20Specifications" }, { "title": "Manufacturer datasheet: depth modes and interfaces", "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Femto-Bolt-3.pdf" }, { "title": "All four depth modes", "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/staging/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/ORBBEC_Product-Brief_Femto-Bolt_0713.pdf" }, { "title": "Official Orbbec ROS 2 wrapper", "url": "https://github.com/orbbec/OrbbecSDK_ROS2" }, { "title": "ToF: surfaces, multipath and interference", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/depth/ToF-depth" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "418 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "orbbec-gemini-335l", "manufacturer": "Orbbec", "name": "Gemini 335L", "kind": "stereo", "kindLabel": "Active/passive stereo/RGB-D camera", "role": "Lightweight USB option for façade RGB-D and point clouds with extended near range.", "amount": 359, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official manufacturer shop: taxes and shipping calculated at checkout; not a German VAT-inclusive price.", "priceSource": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-335l", "range": "Ideal 0.25–6 m; nominal operating range 0.17–20 m+ depends on profile and scene, not guaranteed façade range.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer calibration metric: ≤0.8% at 2 m (1280×800, 90×90% ROI), ≤1.6% at 4 m (80×80% ROI). Not maximum error for every surface.", "rate": "Depth up to 1280×800/30 fps or 848×530/60 fps; RGB up to 1280×800/60 fps.", "weight": "133 g ±3 g; 124×29×27 mm.", "power": "5 V USB; average <3 W, peak <6 W according to product table.", "fov": "Depth 90°×65° ±3° at 2 m; RGB 94°×68° ±3°.", "protection": "IP65 with suitable cables; do not confuse this with the compact Gemini 335’s IP5X.", "interface": "USB 3.0/2.0 Type-C, UVC, Orbbec SDK v2; 8-pin synchronization and 6-DoF IMU.", "fit": "An interesting trial option around 50 cm and for RGB-D mapping; nominal near range does not prove the ±5 cm requirement.", "strengths": [ "Global shutter for depth and RGB plus hardware synchronization help with moving captures.", "95 mm stereo baseline, internal depth processing and ROS 2 support reduce companion workload compared with processing raw stereo images." ], "weaknesses": [ "20 m+ is a scene-dependent upper limit, not a useful precision working range for every façade.", "Manufacturer marketing about sunlight and translucent materials does not replace testing on reflective or wet glass." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Connect USB to a companion, use OrbbecSDK_ROS2 and a calibrated camera pose; evaluate point-cloud/depth quality before feeding the autopilot interface.", "availability": "Official shop: in stock and ready for shipping on the check date.", "regions": "International manufacturer shop lists Germany as a destination; distributor network in Europe, North America and Asia.", "limits": "IP protection requires suitable cables. No confirmed suitability for spray, a fogged window or cleaning agents; calibration metrics do not automatically apply at 0.5 m.", "sources": [ { "title": "Gemini 335L: current price and product data", "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-335l" }, { "title": "Gemini 330: protection, accuracy conditions and cables", "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/gemini-330-series/" }, { "title": "Gemini 330 datasheet: ROI conditions", "url": "https://orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Gemini-330-series-Datasheet-V1.4_20250124.pdf" }, { "title": "Official Orbbec ROS 2 wrapper", "url": "https://github.com/orbbec/OrbbecSDK_ROS2" }, { "title": "General stereo surface limitations", "url": "https://docs.luxonis.com/hardware/platform/depth/ToF-depth" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "inspektion" ], "priceLabel": "359 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "realsense-d455", "manufacturer": "RealSense", "name": "Depth Camera D455", "kind": "stereo", "kindLabel": "Active stereo/RGB-D camera", "role": "Affordable USB entry point for spatial perception and RGB-D mapping.", "amount": 499, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official US shop; local taxes, duties and shipping extra. Shop mentions a tariff surcharge since 3 February 2026; check the final amount.", "priceSource": "https://store.realsenseai.com/buy-realsense-depth-camera-d455.html", "range": "Ideal 0.6–6 m; minimum depth about 0.52 m at maximum resolution.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: <2% at 4 m. This does not establish accuracy at 0.5 m.", "rate": "Depth up to 1280×720; up to 90 fps depending on profile. RGB 1280×800 at 30 fps; do not assume all maxima form one profile.", "weight": "116 g nominal, without cable/mount.", "power": "Powered through USB 3.1; consumption for the chosen combined stream/projector profile is not verified here.", "fov": "Depth 87°×58°; RGB 90°×65° (horizontal × vertical).", "protection": "No demonstrated IP protection for this standard variant.", "interface": "USB-C 3.1 Gen 1; RealSense SDK/librealsense and ROS 2 wrapper.", "fit": "Useful for initial RGB-D/point-cloud experiments with a companion computer; 50 cm is already below the stated minimum depth at full resolution.", "strengths": [ "Global shutter on depth and RGB sensors reduces motion distortion.", "Integrated IMU and a widely used ROS 2 driver simplify time-aligned RGB-D mapping." ], "weaknesses": [ "The standard enclosure and USB connection need integration suitable for the spray area.", "Glass and glossy wet façades can produce false depth or holes; the IR projector cannot supply useful texture in every outdoor scene." ], "integration": "mittel", "integrationNote": "Connect USB to a Linux companion, use the SDK and realsense-ros; configure drone extrinsics, timestamps and quality filtering. No direct Pixhawk distance-sensor interface.", "availability": "Listed as in stock in the official shop when checked.", "regions": "Manufacturer shop lists Germany and numerous countries in Europe, the Americas and Asia; check import charges.", "limits": "No reliable clearance guarantee is established for spray, fogged optics or reflective glass. Mapping and 50 cm control require separate suitability validation.", "sources": [ { "title": "D455: current shop price and specifications", "url": "https://store.realsenseai.com/buy-realsense-depth-camera-d455.html" }, { "title": "D400 family: D455 mechanical data", "url": "https://www.intelrealsense.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Intel-RealSense-D400-Series-Datasheet-October-2024.pdf" }, { "title": "Optical filters and reflection errors", "url": "https://dev.realsenseai.com/docs/optical-filters-for-intel-realsense-depth-cameras-d400/" }, { "title": "Official ROS 2 wrapper", "url": "https://github.com/realsenseai/realsense-ros" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "inspektion" ], "priceLabel": "499 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "realsense-d457", "manufacturer": "RealSense", "name": "Depth Camera D457 GMSL/FAKRA", "kind": "stereo", "kindLabel": "Rugged active stereo/RGB-D camera", "role": "Mechanically locked camera connection for an integrated Jetson system.", "amount": 599, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official US shop; local taxes, duties and shipping extra. Displayed price is not a German VAT-inclusive price; check tariff surcharges at checkout.", "priceSource": "https://store.realsenseai.com/buy-realsense-depth-camera-d457.html", "range": "Ideal 0.6–6 m; minimum depth about 0.52 m at maximum resolution.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: <2% at 4 m under reference conditions; no wet-glass guarantee.", "rate": "Depth up to 1280×720 and up to 90 fps depending on profile; RGB 1280×800 at 30 fps.", "weight": "Approximately 145 g, excluding cable and deserializer.", "power": "Power through GMSL/FAKRA; consumption depends on profile. Budget separately for deserializer/carrier board and companion.", "fov": "Depth 87°×58°; RGB 90°×65°.", "protection": "IP65 according to manufacturer; entire assembly and suitable cables must maintain sealing.", "interface": "GMSL over FAKRA; Maxim deserializer required at the host; not a simple USB camera replacement.", "fit": "Suitable for a planned Jetson/GMSL integration; at full resolution it has the same near-range conflict around 50 cm as D455.", "strengths": [ "A locking FAKRA connector and IP65 provide a more robust drone installation than an unsecured USB connection.", "Global shutter, IMU and hardware synchronization support moving RGB-D captures." ], "weaknesses": [ "Deserializer, suitable carrier board and drivers increase cost, weight and integration effort.", "A rugged enclosure does not improve stereo measurement through mist, droplets or reflective façades." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Choose a GMSL deserializer with drivers matching the JetPack/kernel version, then run librealsense/ROS 2 on the companion. MAVLink output requires custom processing and integration.", "availability": "Official shop: in stock on the check date.", "regions": "International manufacturer shop including Germany; check regional cable/carrier availability separately.", "limits": "IP65 does not demonstrate correct measurement under a direct cleaning jet or chemical exposure. No ±5 cm guarantee at 50 cm.", "sources": [ { "title": "D457: current shop price, stock and specifications", "url": "https://store.realsenseai.com/buy-realsense-depth-camera-d457.html" }, { "title": "D457 datasheet, August 2025 revision", "url": "https://realsenseai.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/RealSense-D457-Datasheet-Aug_2025.pdf" }, { "title": "GMSL/FAKRA integration", "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/" }, { "title": "Stereo reflection limitations", "url": "https://dev.realsenseai.com/docs/optical-filters-for-intel-realsense-depth-cameras-d400/" }, { "title": "RealSense ROS 2", "url": "https://github.com/realsenseai/realsense-ros" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "inspektion" ], "priceLabel": "599 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "realsense-d555", "manufacturer": "RealSense", "name": "Depth Camera D555 PoE", "kind": "stereo", "kindLabel": "Active stereo/RGB-D camera with Ethernet", "role": "Image/depth acquisition over Gigabit Ethernet and PoE.", "amount": 649, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official US shop; local taxes, shipping and duties extra. Check the final amount/tariff surcharge at checkout.", "priceSource": "https://store.realsenseai.com/buy-realsense-depth-camera-d555.html", "range": "Ideal 0.6–6 m; minimum depth about 0.52 m at maximum resolution, 0.26 m in VGA mode.", "accuracy": "No independent current D555 accuracy metric verified in the reviewed datasheet; do not transfer D455 values wholesale.", "rate": "Datasheet v1.1: 1280×720 at up to 30 fps over PoE, smaller profiles up to 60 fps. Shop advertises up to 90 fps: establish the exact firmware profile before purchasing/implementing.", "weight": "337 g nominal.", "power": "Manufacturer figures conflict: shop 5.5 W typical, datasheet v1.1 3.5 W. Datasheet requires a PoE PSE ≥15 W; size supply and converter with headroom.", "fov": "Depth 87°×58°; RGB 90°×65°.", "protection": "IP65; enclosure temperature −20 to +50 °C according to manufacturer.", "interface": "Gigabit Ethernet/RJ45, PoE and DDS in RealSense SDK; USB-C for power/synchronization and production/debug use.", "fit": "Interesting for an Ethernet topology; significantly heavier than USB stereo. A suitable reduced-depth profile is required for 50 cm.", "strengths": [ "One Ethernet cable can carry both data and power.", "SDK/DDS enables platform-independent companion integration; global shutter and IMU support mobile perception." ], "weaknesses": [ "337 g plus PoE supply is a substantial addition for small drones.", "Conflicting manufacturer power/peak-frame-rate figures and current lack of stock complicate immediate selection." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Configure PoE converter/PSE, Gigabit port and MTU/DDS network; verify ROS 2/SDK/firmware compatibility for the exact release. Not a direct autopilot rangefinder.", "availability": "Official shop showed out of stock/backorder when checked; delivery date not verified.", "regions": "Official shop lists Germany and many international destinations; confirm actual delivery availability separately.", "limits": "PoE is an interface, not an additional measurement method. Spray, glass and water films remain optical limitations; IP65 alone does not guarantee depth quality.", "sources": [ { "title": "D555: current price, stock shortage and shop claims", "url": "https://store.realsenseai.com/buy-realsense-depth-camera-d555.html" }, { "title": "D555 datasheet v1.1: profiles, weight, power and DDS", "url": "https://dev.realsenseai.com/download/42013/" }, { "title": "RealSense ROS 2 integration", "url": "https://github.com/realsenseai/realsense-ros" }, { "title": "Optical stereo limitations", "url": "https://dev.realsenseai.com/docs/optical-filters-for-intel-realsense-depth-cameras-d400/" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "inspektion" ], "priceLabel": "649 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "stereolabs-zed-x-mini", "manufacturer": "Stereolabs", "name": "ZED X Mini — 2.2 mm wide angle", "kind": "stereo", "kindLabel": "Passive stereo camera with externally computed depth", "role": "RGB stereo, visual odometry and mapping on Jetson.", "amount": 549, "currency": "USD", "tax": "Official camera price; tax status not unambiguously stated. Jetson, GMSL capture card, cable and shipping extra.", "priceSource": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x", "range": "2.2 mm variant: ideal 0.1–4 m; maximum hardware range 0.1–8 m. Do not transfer values from the 4 mm/narrow variant.", "accuracy": "Manufacturer: <1.6% at 2 m, <3% at 4 m for the 2.2 mm variant; no guaranteed error at 50 cm on glass.", "rate": "2×1920×1200 at 60 fps; reduced profiles up to 120 fps. Depth rate also depends on SDK/Jetson profile.", "weight": "151 g; 93.6×31.8×36.7 mm.", "power": "Camera typically 1.46 W over GMSL2/PoC; Jetson and capture card extra.", "fov": "2.2 mm optics: 110° horizontal × 80° vertical, 120° diagonal.", "protection": "Current technical specification lists IP67 and −20 to +60 °C; check certification for the exact ordering SKU.", "interface": "GMSL2 through FAKRA-Z, ZED Link capture card/ZED Box and a supported NVIDIA Jetson; ZED SDK/ROS 2.", "fit": "Useful for mapping, VIO and close 3D on textured surfaces; requires a more powerful companion system.", "strengths": [ "Global shutter and a 50 mm stereo baseline provide broad near-range perception without an active IR projector.", "ZED SDK and ROS 2 wrapper provide depth, point clouds, odometry and mapping functions." ], "weaknesses": [ "The camera does not compute depth maps alone; Jetson, capture card and their energy/weight belong in the system cost.", "Low light, low-contrast and reflective surfaces complicate correspondence; an optional polarizer does not generally solve transparent glass." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Match compatible Jetson/carrier, ZED Link, drivers, ZED SDK and ROS 2. No direct USB operation or Pixhawk interface.", "availability": "Manufacturer states ZED X family shipping within 2–3 days; confirm the exact Mini/optics variant when ordering.", "regions": "Manufacturer in France with international shop/distributors; confirm destination and optics variant.", "limits": "IP67 describes enclosure protection, not correct depth measurement in spray. Current manufacturer pages partly differ from older IP66 specifications.", "sources": [ { "title": "ZED X family: current prices and shipping notice", "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x" }, { "title": "ZED X/Mini: current technical specifications and polarizer limits", "url": "https://docs.stereolabs.com/docs/products/cameras/zedx/specifications" }, { "title": "Jetson and GMSL2 capture card", "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/articles/2878711998-how-can-i-install-the-zed-x-on-nvidia-jetson-development-kits" }, { "title": "No USB converter connection for ZED X", "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/articles/2126344525-can-i-connect-the-zed-x-and-zed-x-mini-to-a-usb3-port" }, { "title": "ZED ROS 2", "url": "https://docs.stereolabs.com/docs/integrations/ros-2" } ], "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "kartierung", "erkennung", "inspektion" ], "priceLabel": "549 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "id": "ti-iwr6843aopevm", "manufacturer": "Texas Instruments", "name": "IWR6843AOPEVM (development board)", "kind": "radar", "kindLabel": "mmWave radar development board", "role": "Radar research: point cloud and custom distance/velocity estimation", "amount": 206.51, "currency": "USD", "tax": "DigiKey US unit price; tax status not explicitly stated on the product page. US tariffs may be added in the basket.", "priceSource": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/texas-instruments/IWR6843AOPEVM/12165115", "range": "No fixed rangefinder measurement interval; depends on chirp profile, target and algorithm", "accuracy": "No general distance accuracy guaranteed for the complete board; must be developed and measured for the application", "rate": "Profile/firmware dependent; no ready-made distance output rate", "weight": "Not stated in the reviewed product overview", "power": "USB power; consumption and additional development adapters depend on the setup", "fov": "120° horizontal × 120° vertical; 3 TX / 4 RX; 60–64 GHz", "protection": "Exposed EVM; no verified IP rating", "interface": "USB for point clouds; expansion connectors, optional MMWAVEICBOOST / DCA1000", "fit": "Technology experiment for a future custom radar system; substantial development effort.", "strengths": [ "TI provides an SDK, reference designs and hardware documentation.", "Broad field of view and radar data enable custom processing." ], "weaknesses": [ "The EVM is not a finished UAV rangefinder; signal processing, target selection and autopilot integration require application-specific development.", "No demonstrated window detection or flight-control accuracy; enclosure and thermal design are required." ], "integration": "hoch", "integrationNote": "Develop chirps, DSP, tracking, outlier handling and a message adapter; check the board revision.", "availability": "DigiKey: zero stock; estimated arrival 14 January 2027, not guaranteed. TI stock display is unclear without signing in.", "regions": "US DigiKey listing verified; check delivery and 60–64 GHz regulatory use for each destination, without assuming worldwide supply.", "limits": "A radar point cloud is not automatically metric odometry or a validated clearance safeguard.", "sources": [ { "title": "TI IWR6843AOPEVM overview and development tools", "url": "https://www.ti.com/tool/IWR6843AOPEVM" }, { "title": "DigiKey: exact EVM variant, current price and stock", "url": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/texas-instruments/IWR6843AOPEVM/12165115" }, { "title": "TI EVM user guide, revision E / variant notes", "url": "https://www.ti.com/lit/ug/swru546e/swru546e.pdf" } ], "priceNote": "DigiKey 296-IWR6843AOPEVM-ND, manufacturer part IWR6843AOPEVM, quantity 1: USD 206.51 on the directly reviewed page; older search indexes show different prices.", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22", "priceStatus": "Price on request", "tasks": [ "erkennung" ], "priceLabel": "206.51 USD", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ] }, { "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "tasks": [ "prozess" ], "integration": "mittel", "id": "ifm-pt5400", "manufacturer": "ifm", "name": "PT5400 (0–400 bar)", "kind": "pressure", "amount": 176.1, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ifm-efector-inc/PT5400/12145157", "kindLabel": "Liquid / cleaning-line pressure", "role": "Pressure monitoring at the pump or in an appropriately pressure-rated cleaning line", "tax": "DigiKey US unit price; tax and shipping excluded or determined at checkout.", "range": "0–400 bar gauge pressure; static pressure rating 1,000 bar, minimum burst pressure 1,700 bar. These limits do not extend the measuring range.", "accuracy": "Characteristic deviation <±0.5% of span, i.e. <±2 bar at 400 bar full scale; allow separately for temperature effects. ±0.05% describes repeatability only.", "rate": "Analogue step response 1 ms; reporting rate depends on the ADC and software bridge", "weight": "60 g excluding application fittings and cable", "power": "8.5–36 V DC, two-wire 4–20 mA current loop", "fov": "Non-optical; pressure measured at the process port", "protection": "IP67 / IP69K; wetted 17-4 PH stainless steel, FKM process seal", "interface": "4–20 mA, M12; G1/4 male process thread", "fit": "Useful for pressure-drop and pump monitoring; does not measure wall distance.", "strengths": [ "Compact industrial housing with a fast analogue output.", "A 400-bar measuring range suits high-pressure experiments better than a 10-bar hobby sensor." ], "weaknesses": [ "Pressure at the ground pump does not automatically equal nozzle pressure after a long hose.", "Fittings, pulsation, chemical compatibility and mechanical pressure protection must match the complete system." ], "integrationNote": "Provide a current-loop receiver/ADC or I/O gateway; detect pressure spikes and line failure. No direct PX4/Cube plug-in connection.", "availability": "Actively listed; DigiKey displayed stock when checked. Confirm quantity and delivery before ordering.", "regions": "ifm international; verified price is a US offer, check EU landed cost separately.", "limits": "Measurement and monitoring component; replaces neither a pressure-relief valve nor an independent shutdown. Confirm compatibility with the actual cleaning chemical.", "priceNote": "Direct DigiKey page, 2330-PT5400-ND, quantity 1: USD 176.10. Retailer ±0.05% field was not treated as total accuracy.", "sources": [ { "title": "ifm PT5400: manufacturer pressure and accuracy specifications", "url": "https://www.ifm.com/gb/en/product/PT5400" }, { "title": "DigiKey: exact PT5400 unit price and stock", "url": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ifm-efector-inc/PT5400/12145157" } ], "priceStatus": "Public unit price", "priceLabel": "176.10 USD" }, { "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "tasks": [ "prozess" ], "integration": "mittel", "id": "ifm-sm6000", "manufacturer": "ifm", "name": "SM6000 (feed line, maximum 16 bar)", "kind": "flow", "amount": 754.3, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ifm-efector-inc/SM6000/12144811", "kindLabel": "Liquid flow / water consumption", "role": "Monitoring conductive feed water at the ground station before the high-pressure pump", "tax": "DigiKey US unit price; tax, shipping and any US tariffs added at checkout.", "range": "0.1–25 l/min; maximum 16 bar. Suitable low-pressure feed line only, never a 100–250-bar cleaning line.", "accuracy": "±(0.8% of reading + 0.5% of range end value), manufacturer specification; does not prove nozzle flow if a downstream leak exists", "rate": "Response 0.15 s at dAP=0/T19; a minimum 5 ms IO-Link process cycle does not mean the same hydraulic response", "weight": "544 g; more appropriate for the ground station than the aircraft", "power": "18–30 V DC; data sheet states 95 mA at 24 V", "fov": "Non-optical; the DN15 measuring pipe must remain completely full", "protection": "IP67; wetted 316L stainless steel, PEEK and FKM", "interface": "IO-Link, switching/analogue/pulse outputs; G1/2 male DN15 process connection", "fit": "Useful for consumption logging and insufficient feed-water detection when conductivity is sufficient.", "strengths": [ "Measures flow, total volume and temperature in one industrial instrument.", "No moving measuring parts; IO-Link provides process and diagnostic data." ], "weaknesses": [ "Requires conductivity ≥20 µS/cm; very pure or demineralised cleaning water may be unsuitable.", "The 16-bar limit and 544 g favour installation on the ground before the pump, not in the high-pressure line." ], "integrationNote": "IO-Link master or suitable pulse/current receiver at the ground controller; check water conductivity, 3×DN/1×DN inlet/outlet runs and a completely filled pipe.", "availability": "Actively listed; DigiKey displayed stock when checked. Availability is not a delivery guarantee.", "regions": "ifm international; verified DigiKey price is in USD, local sourcing is possible.", "limits": "Not for the high-pressure side, or for DI water without a conductivity check. Feed flow does not prove correct spray distribution or cleaning quality.", "priceNote": "Direct DigiKey US page, 2330-SM6000-ND, quantity 1: USD 754.30. Use the manufacturer data sheet for process connection and specifications.", "sources": [ { "title": "ifm SM6000: flow, conductivity, pressure limit and mass", "url": "https://www.ifm.com/lt/en/product/SM6000" }, { "title": "ifm SM6000: German manufacturer data sheet", "url": "https://media.ifm.com/dam/35099e0b-39fb-4699-a406-9a31619d5a68/Original/SM6000-03_DE-DE.pdf" }, { "title": "DigiKey: exact SM6000 unit price and stock", "url": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ifm-efector-inc/SM6000/12144811" } ], "priceStatus": "Public unit price", "priceLabel": "754.30 USD" }, { "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "tasks": [ "prozess" ], "integration": "mittel", "id": "sparkfun-sen21669-hx711", "manufacturer": "SparkFun", "name": "SEN-21669 10 kg load cell + SEN-13879 HX711", "kind": "force", "amount": 24.9, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.sparkfun.com/load-cell-10kg-straight-bar-with-hook.html", "kindLabel": "Force / hose tension (development setup)", "role": "Low-cost hose-tension or reaction-force experiment, starting on a fixed test rig", "tax": "Sum of two separately ordered components: USD 19.95 + 4.95; tax and shipping extra. Not a preassembled manufacturer kit.", "range": "Rated load 10 kg, approximately 98 N at standard gravity; only in the intended mechanical loading direction", "accuracy": "Manufacturer states 0.05% FS for the load cell; this does not automatically describe an installed, vibrating hose-tension measurement.", "rate": "HX711 selectable 10 or 80 samples/s; measure filtering delay and oscillations in the complete assembly", "weight": "Combined cell, hook and board mass not stated on checked pages; mounting hardware is additional", "power": "HX711 2.7–5 V, <1.5 mA; cell excitation 3–12 V; use a common operating point within both ratings", "fov": "Non-optical; single-axis mechanical force measurement", "protection": "No verified IP rating for the pair; exposed circuit board", "interface": "Four-wire strain-gauge bridge to HX711; clock/data to a microcontroller, no native CAN/PX4", "fit": "Very inexpensive prototype for characterising hose tension; wet airborne use requires mechanical and electrical development.", "strengths": [ "Both exact components have public individual prices.", "A validated force trace can support hose management and warning thresholds." ], "weaknesses": [ "An open hook and unverified attachment do not provide reliable flight or load retention.", "One axis does not measure the full three-dimensional pull vector; side loads, vibration and temperature affect readings." ], "integrationNote": "Calibrate with known forces, limit side loading, design positive retention and an overload stop, and protect electronics from water. Start with data logging only.", "availability": "Both SparkFun pages displayed available stock when checked; order separately.", "regions": "US manufacturer with international electronics distribution; check import costs and delivery region.", "limits": "Development components, not certified load monitoring. The 10 kg model must suit measured operating pull and possible peaks.", "priceNote": "SEN-21669 USD 19.95 plus SEN-13879 USD 4.95 = USD 24.90. Microcontroller, cable, housing and secure mounting excluded.", "sources": [ { "title": "SparkFun SEN-21669: 10 kg hook load cell, price and specifications", "url": "https://www.sparkfun.com/load-cell-10kg-straight-bar-with-hook.html" }, { "title": "SparkFun SEN-13879: HX711 amplifier, price and specifications", "url": "https://www.sparkfun.com/sparkfun-load-cell-amplifier-hx711.html" }, { "title": "SparkFun: bridge wiring and calibration", "url": "https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/load-cell-amplifier-hx711-breakout-hookup-guide/introduction" } ], "priceStatus": "Public unit price", "priceLabel": "24.90 USD" }, { "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "tasks": [ "prozess" ], "integration": "hoch", "id": "gill-windultra-1416-pk210-01", "manufacturer": "Gill Instruments", "name": "WindUltra 1416-PK-210-01", "kind": "weather", "amount": null, "currency": null, "priceSource": "https://gillinstruments.com/compare-2-axis-anemometers/windultra/", "kindLabel": "Wind direction / wind speed", "role": "Local wind and gust monitoring at an unobstructed ground station or on a validated aircraft boom", "tax": "No reliable public price found for this exact configuration; request a quote including connection and mounting.", "range": "0–75 m/s; direction 0–360°. Sensor range is not an approved wind limit for the cleaning aircraft.", "accuracy": "0–20 m/s: <2% RMSE or 0.1 m/s, whichever is greater; direction <1° RMSE. Above 20 m/s: <3% / <2°. RMSE is not a maximum-error guarantee.", "rate": "Output 1, 2, 4 or 8 Hz; internal sampling 16 Hz", "weight": "150 g sensor head; standard 1-inch pole mount adds 120 g, cable and boom additional", "power": "5–30 V without heating; plan at least 9 V for full operating conditions. Unheated <0.8 W at high wind speeds, <1.5 W instantaneous peak; heated 2.4–7.6 W.", "fov": "Two-dimensional wind measurement in the sensor plane; not a 3D wind vector", "protection": "Manufacturer lists IP66, IP68 and IP69K; connector must be fully assembled", "interface": "RS485/RS422, Modbus RTU, NMEA and SDI-12; USB for configuration", "fit": "Useful for weather assessment and logging; recommend initial installation at the ground station.", "strengths": [ "Compact head with accuracy documented across its wind range.", "No moving measuring components, diagnostic codes and an outdoor-rated design." ], "weaknesses": [ "Rotor downwash and flow reflected from the wall distort onboard ambient-wind readings.", "Ground wind cannot reliably represent gusts higher up or around a building edge." ], "integrationNote": "1416-PK-210-01 includes head and M12 connector; add suitable pole/mounting/cable. Record timestamps and status; investigate motion, attitude and airflow errors for airborne installation.", "availability": "Current Gill catalogue and manufacturer documentation; quote for price and lead time.", "regions": "UK manufacturer with international distribution; obtain a local quotation.", "limits": "Does not authorise urban flight. Derive operating wind limits from the tested aircraft/hose system, not the sensor’s 75 m/s measuring range.", "sources": [ { "title": "Gill WindUltra: current manufacturer overview and accuracy", "url": "https://gillinstruments.com/compare-2-axis-anemometers/windultra/" }, { "title": "Gill WindUltra: Issue 2 manual, configurations, power and installation", "url": "https://gillinstruments.com/windultra-1416-user-manual-issue-2/" }, { "title": "Gill: full-range accuracy and RMSE explained", "url": "https://gillinstruments.com/full-range-accuracy/" } ], "priceStatus": "Quote required", "priceLabel": "Quote required" }, { "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "catalogViews": [ "weitere" ], "tasks": [ "erkennung" ], "integration": "hoch", "id": "acconeer-xe125", "manufacturer": "Acconeer", "name": "XE125 with XM125 / A121 (evaluation board)", "kind": "radar", "amount": 121.09, "currency": "USD", "priceSource": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/acconeer-ab/XE125/17883268", "kindLabel": "60 GHz radar development board", "role": "Research setup for radar distance/presence detection as an additional sensing principle", "tax": "DigiKey US unit price; tax, shipping and any US tariffs added at checkout.", "range": "Manufacturer states up to 20 m, depending on target, profile and installation; qualify minimum distance and a valid 50 cm working window for the application", "accuracy": "No general facade-distance accuracy guaranteed for the complete XE125 system. Sensor technology alone does not establish ±5 cm flight regulation.", "rate": "Profile and firmware dependent; no fixed complete-system rangefinder rate", "weight": "Complete XE125 mass not stated in the checked overview", "power": "5 V USB-C or external header supply according to manual; profile and board peripherals determine consumption", "fov": "60 GHz pulsed radar; separately sold lens/horn accessories can alter the field of view", "protection": "Open evaluation PCB without a verified IP rating", "interface": "USB-UART and header I²C/UART; firmware/software bridge required", "fit": "Inexpensive radar experiment for a fixed rig; not yet wet-environment airborne distance protection.", "strengths": [ "XM125 with A121 and a microcontroller is already installed.", "Manufacturer development tools and optional antenna/lens accessories." ], "weaknesses": [ "Not a directly integrated PX4/Cube rangefinder with guaranteed complete-system accuracy.", "Glass, multipath, wall angle and a wet enclosure require testing against the actual target." ], "integrationNote": "Develop profiles and target selection; flag dropouts/multiple targets, then build a timestamped companion interface. Include outdoor housing and radome in validation.", "availability": "Actively listed by Acconeer and DigiKey; DigiKey displayed stock when checked.", "regions": "Swedish manufacturer and international electronics distribution; check 60 GHz use and regional conformity of the final integration.", "limits": "Development technology; does not replace a validated independent near-field sensor or pose estimator.", "priceNote": "DigiKey 1891-XE125-ND, quantity 1: USD 121.09. Optional lens/horn and enclosure excluded.", "sources": [ { "title": "Acconeer: XE125 / XM125 product overview", "url": "https://acconeer.com/products/" }, { "title": "DigiKey: exact XE125 variant and price", "url": "https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/acconeer-ab/XE125/17883268" }, { "title": "Acconeer XE125 hardware manual hosted by CODICO", "url": "https://downloads.codico.com/misc/JKO/Acconeer/XE_XM125/XE125%20User%20Guide.pdf" } ], "priceStatus": "Public unit price", "priceLabel": "121.09 USD" }, { "checkedDate": "2026-10-23", "catalogViews": [ "abstand" ], "tasks": [ "hoehe" ], "integration": "mittel", "id": "nanoradar-nra24", "manufacturer": "Nanoradar", "name": "NRA24 (current 200 m version)", "kind": "radar", "amount": null, "currency": null, "priceSource": "https://www.nanoradar.com/Products_UAV-Altimeter-Radar-NRA24.html", "kindLabel": "Radar altimeter", "role": "Additional ground-clearance measurement and height reference, not a precision 50 cm wall controller", "tax": "Current 200 m configuration: quote required. Prices for older 50 m versions were not treated as the same product.", "range": "0.5–200 m according to the current manufacturer page", "accuracy": "Current manufacturer specification: ±0.1 m. Do not transfer older 50 m documents claiming 2 cm to the 200 m variant.", "rate": "42 Hz, current manufacturer page", "weight": "95 g, current manufacturer page; older published mass values differ", "power": "5–16 V DC; 1.5 W", "fov": "28° azimuth × 18° elevation; beam and installation tilt determine the illuminated ground area", "protection": "IP66 per manufacturer; does not establish tolerance of direct pressure washing", "interface": "CAN / UART; confirm the firmware/protocol configuration being ordered", "fit": "Useful additional downward radar; lacks precision and near-range headroom for 45–55 cm facade control.", "strengths": [ "Enclosed radar altimeter with low power demand.", "ArduPilot documents NRA24 support from firmware 4.5; verify the actual hardware/protocol variant." ], "weaknesses": [ "±10 cm sensor error already exceeds the overall ±5 cm facade target.", "A 50 cm minimum range is at the bottom edge of the target band; vegetation, tilt and multipath affect the measured target." ], "integrationNote": "Check official ArduPilot CAN/UART documentation against the exact configuration; multiple NRA24 units on one CAN bus require unique IDs. Verify PX4 support separately.", "availability": "Current manufacturer page lists the 200 m version; request price, firmware and delivery.", "regions": "Chinese manufacturer and international UAV distribution; confirm region, radio conformity and exact variant.", "limits": "Ground range does not provide complete local 3D pose or reliable window detection.", "distanceClass": "hoehe", "distanceNote": "Additional height measurement only: current ±10 cm and 0.5 m minimum range do not meet the 45–55 cm facade target.", "sources": [ { "title": "Nanoradar: current NRA24 200 m specifications", "url": "https://www.nanoradar.com/Products_UAV-Altimeter-Radar-NRA24.html" }, { "title": "ArduPilot: official NRA24 integration and CAN limits", "url": "https://docs.ardupilot.org/copter/docs/common-rangefinder-nra24.html" } ], "priceStatus": "Quote required", "priceLabel": "Quote required" } ], "research": { "checkedAt": "2026-10-22", "scope": "All six attachments read in full. arXiv ID, title and abstract checked for all 15 research papers in the October archives and the three foundational papers. Key claims from GLIO2, LiDAR/radar switching and PV coating also checked in full text. No blanket adoption of all detailed figures.", "papers": [ { "date": "2026-10-01", "archive": "2026-10-02", "title": "GlassGuard: Verified Glass Plane Mapping for Robot Navigation", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02110", "summary": "Visual glass segmentation and LiDAR geometry add missing glass surfaces to a navigation map. The abstract confirms nine building scenes and 82% coverage with identical pinhole inputs.", "limitation": "Research mapping component; no evidence of distance holding on wet glass or in spray mist. A public repository exists; licence is not clearly identifiable.", "status": "Offline candidate", "code": "https://github.com/glassguardproject/GlassGuard" }, { "date": "2026-09-29", "archive": "2026-10-02", "title": "L1-MPPI: L1 Adaptive Model Predictive Path Integral for Agile UAV Control", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38467", "summary": "Adaptive control improves trajectory tracking with unknown additional payload. The abstract confirms real flights with 35% additional mass.", "limitation": "A rigid payload is not a filled hose. No confirmed suitability for 50 cm target distance with ±5 cm maximum deviation.", "status": "Monitor in SITL/HITL" }, { "date": "2026-10-01", "archive": "2026-10-02", "title": "LiDARFlow: Real-Time Panel-Based MAV Guidance in Unknown Environments", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01573", "summary": "Lightweight reactive obstacle guidance from local LiDAR readings; the abstract confirms two real indoor-hall scenarios.", "limitation": "Obstacle guidance does not replace localisation or precise facade control. Check detailed figures and autopilot porting separately.", "status": "Monitor" }, { "date": "2026-09-28", "archive": "2026-10-02", "title": "ForVis: An In-Field Dataset and Benchmark for VIO Using Under-Canopy UAV Flights in Forests", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35482", "summary": "Twelve UAV flights and 504 evaluations using seven open VIO methods show clear differences between camera/IMU sensors.", "limitation": "A forest benchmark does not prove performance in front of wet, reflective facades. Suitable as a template for custom comparison data.", "status": "Benchmark template" }, { "date": "2026-09-29", "archive": "2026-10-02", "title": "Degeneracy-Orthogonal Geometric Constraints for LiDAR SLAM", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.36753", "summary": "DeCOD uses recognisable cross-sectional structures for drift correction in tunnels and pipes.", "limitation": "Its geometric assumptions generally do not apply to a flat glass facade.", "status": "Currently low priority" }, { "date": "2026-10-08", "archive": "2026-10-09", "title": "GLIO2: A GPU-Parallelized Tightly-Coupled LiDAR-Inertial-GNSS System for Robust and Real-Time Global Localization and Mapping", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12411", "fullText": "https://arxiv.org/html/2610.12411v1", "summary": "LiDAR, IMU and GNSS are tightly coupled. Full text confirms ten facade-cleaning missions: eight autonomous, two takeovers because water sprays were interpreted as obstacles; UAV-to-wall distance 1–2.5 m.", "limitation": "No numerical distance verification for 50 cm ±5 cm; code announced, research stage. The 110 m refers to building height, not flight distance.", "status": "Architecture benchmark" }, { "date": "2026-10-05", "archive": "2026-10-09", "title": "Embedded Bare-Metal Radar-Inertial Odometry", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07278", "summary": "Radar-inertial estimation on a microcontroller; abstract confirms real flight with unmodified PX4 and 0.51–0.82 m translational APE.", "limitation": "Odometry in this error class does not establish centimetre distance holding. No confirmed experiments with water mist, wet glass or a cleaning hose.", "status": "Redundant diagnostic channel", "code": "https://github.com/ntnu-arl/embedded_rio", "pcb": "https://github.com/ntnu-arl/embedded_rio-pcb" }, { "date": "2026-10-06", "archive": "2026-10-09", "title": "NMPP: Nonlinear Model Predictive Planning for Agile UAV Flight in Cluttered Environments", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08695", "summary": "Dynamically feasible flight planning with perceived obstacles as hard geometric constraints; real flights up to 5.5 m/s confirmed in abstract.", "limitation": "No surface-coverage control and no demonstrated cleaning with hose and spray disturbances.", "status": "Monitor" }, { "date": "2026-10-06", "archive": "2026-10-09", "title": "UWB Meets Crazyflow: Simulating Degraded Feedback at Scale for Aerial Robotics", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08225", "summary": "UWB/IMU simulation and a complete EKF in the differentiable JAX simulator; modular approach for many error scenarios.", "limitation": "Results are simulations; no replacement for PX4/ArduPilot SITL/HITL and real DroneShine disturbance-force measurements.", "status": "Monitor simulation", "code": "https://github.com/learnsyslab/crazyflow", "license": "MIT confirmed in repository" }, { "date": "2026-10-08", "archive": "2026-10-09", "title": "Predicting Cable Dynamics with Physical Attention Bias", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11975", "summary": "Geometrically informed attention improves prediction of unseen cables in simulation.", "limitation": "Short simulated cables are not a validated model of a long, filled and pressurised cleaning hose.", "status": "Long-term research", "code": "https://github.com/avihaig/dlogps", "license": "MIT confirmed in repository" }, { "date": "2026-10-09", "archive": "2026-10-16", "title": "When LiDAR Fades, Radar Takes Over: LiDAR Reliability-Aware Adaptive Localization Under Airborne Obscurants", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.13788", "fullText": "https://arxiv.org/html/2610.13788v1", "summary": "A quality monitor switches to radar odometry when LiDAR degrades. Full text confirms four ground-robot drives in tunnels with artificial smoke.", "limitation": "No independent ground truth: reported RMSE measures agreement between estimators. Smoke experiments do not establish performance in water mist; planar output only.", "status": "Test offline quality monitor" }, { "date": "2026-10-15", "archive": "2026-10-16", "title": "LIN-SLAM: Lightweight LiDAR-Inertial Neural SLAM for Real-Time Onboard Navigation", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21199", "summary": "Hybrid geometric frontend and neural mapping backend; abstract confirms real-time operation on Unitree Go2 with Jetson Orin NX over 1.47 km.", "limitation": "Ground robot and repetitive corridors, not wet facade cleaning. Abstract announces code only after acceptance.", "status": "Monitor code release" }, { "date": "2026-10-12", "archive": "2026-10-16", "title": "Constrained Differentiable Policy Learning for Safe Quadrotor Navigation", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16119", "summary": "Explicit safety constraints during training; abstract confirms transfer to Gazebo/PX4 and a real drone.", "limitation": "No guarantee of DroneShine safety clearances. Simulation margins must be checked against actual perception, latency and disturbance-force errors.", "status": "Adopt validation approach" }, { "date": "2026-10-10", "archive": "2026-10-16", "title": "Safety-Critical Quadrotor Navigation Using Fourth-Order Control Barrier Functions with Full Nonlinear Quadrotor Dynamics", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14522", "summary": "Safety filter accounts for full rigid-body dynamics and controls at torque level; simulation and real experiments confirmed in abstract.", "limitation": "Deep controller integration rather than a simple offboard retrofit. No demonstrated operation with a water jet, hose or degraded onboard perception.", "status": "Monitor" }, { "date": "2026-10-12", "archive": "2026-10-16", "title": "ClearNav: Perception-Aligned Quadrotor Flight Using Differential-Physics", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17419", "summary": "Navigation aligns camera and movement direction and reduces speed near obstacles; simulated and real testing confirmed.", "limitation": "No demonstrated glass/spray-mist suitability or complete PX4/ArduPilot integration. Invalid depth values must be treated as unknown in the custom system.", "status": "Review behaviour rules", "code": "https://github.com/acp-lab/clearnav", "license": "MIT confirmed in repository" }, { "date": "2025-09-13", "revision": "2026-07-12", "title": "Autonomous Close-Proximity Photovoltaic Panel Coating Using a Quadcopter", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10979", "fullText": "https://arxiv.org/html/2509.10979v3", "summary": "Onboard VIO, PV corner detection and model-based compensation for ground effect and decreasing liquid mass. Full text confirms outdoor z-RMSE of 8.9 cm without and 3.0 cm with compensation.", "limitation": "RMSE is not maximum error or a ±3 cm guarantee. A 1.56 kg prototype with 150 ml liquid and D455; not a high-pressure/hose cleaning system.", "status": "Reference architecture" }, { "date": "2021-07-14", "title": "FAST-LIO2: Fast Direct LiDAR-inertial Odometry", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06829", "summary": "Direct LiDAR/IMU odometry with raw-point registration; UAV/ARM use and open-source implementation established in abstract.", "limitation": "Foundational component; specific sensor/glass/spray-mist suitability requires separate testing.", "status": "LIO reference" }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "revision": "2023-06-06", "title": "Survey on LiDAR Perception in Adverse Weather Conditions", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06312", "summary": "Review of LiDAR degradation due to fog, rain and snow, along with data processing and sensor fusion.", "limitation": "General overview, not a product comparison or confirmation of a specific radar or LiDAR safety channel on a cleaning drone.", "status": "Foundational source" } ], "archiveSummaries": [ { "date": "2026-10-02", "title": "Detect glass, compare sensors, model changing payloads", "summary": "GlassGuard adds glass surfaces to maps; L1-MPPI studies adaptive control; ForVis shows the influence of sensor choice. Results come from different research setups and do not establish complete cleaning with a wet facade, hose tension and water jet." }, { "date": "2026-10-09", "title": "Real facade cleaning reveals spray-perception limitations", "summary": "GLIO2 demonstrates ten cleaning missions at 1–2.5 m UAV-to-wall distance; eight finish autonomously, two need manual takeover after spray is misidentified as an obstacle. Radar odometry and simulation are supplementary research components and do not replace precise surface-relative distance measurement." }, { "date": "2026-10-16", "title": "Monitor sensor quality and validate safety margins in real conditions", "summary": "New papers investigate LiDAR/radar switching, edge SLAM and safe quadrotor navigation. Smoke experiments on ground robots and idealised perception do not transfer directly to wet glass. For DroneShine, priorities remain a quality monitor, timestamps, safe pump shutdown and reproducible disturbance tests." } ], "reusableArchitecture": [ "Flight stabilisation and time-critical failsafes on the flight controller; recognition, SLAM and path planning on a separate companion computer.", "Document four tasks separately: recognise the target surface, measure local nozzle distance and surface angle, localise aircraft motion, safely interrupt water and flight during faults.", "Glass, reflective PV surfaces, spray mist and droplets on the sensor window are different disturbances and require their own test data.", "For a 50 cm target distance with ±5 cm total tolerance, jointly budget sensor error, control error, calibration, time delay and tool movement.", "Account for nozzle and sensor positions using calibrated transformations; 50 cm nozzle standoff can mean a longer sensor distance.", "Three non-collinear distance measurements can estimate a plane if all actually measure the same surface; this does not establish glass protection.", "Separate continuous local odometry from global SLAM/loop-closure corrections; integrate external odometry with timestamps, covariances, reset and quality information." ], "corrections": [ { "claim": "Measured wall distance ±5–10 mm and actual flight distance ±1–3 cm with a MID-360 system", "verdict": "Unsupported estimate from the chat, not measured DroneShine system performance. Do not adopt as an assurance or comparison figure." }, { "claim": "Ouster OS0-128 is technically the best LiDAR for the production system", "verdict": "Value judgement without comparative testing. List as an expensive option requiring weight, power and generation checks." }, { "claim": "SF45/B prevents collisions independently of the Jetson", "verdict": "Direct autopilot connection only creates a separate data path. A second optical sensor shares glass/water-mist risks; reactions depend on firmware, mode, parameters and measurement validity." }, { "claim": "IP67/IP69K resolves spray-water problems", "verdict": "Protection rating describes housing/test conditions and does not guarantee reliable measurement through droplets or safe suitability in a high-pressure jet." }, { "claim": "PV-coating 3 cm RMSE establishes reliable cleaning within ±3 to ±5 cm", "verdict": "RMSE is not maximum error, and test platform/liquid system differ. Present only as a research result with its conditions." }, { "claim": "3 × LW20/C reliably hold a 50 cm nozzle distance", "verdict": "Measurement accuracy in the target range and behaviour on glass still require individual verification; three sensors do not automatically reduce systematic errors." }, { "claim": "Previously retrieved prices are current final euro prices", "verdict": "Archive old price observations separately. Recheck manufacturer/shop, date, currency, tax status and exact revision; label components with no price as on request." }, { "claim": "MID-360S driver problems make MID-360 generally more production-ready", "verdict": "Not reliably quantified from the attachments. Only use specifically reproducible issues and firmware/driver versions as compatibility guidance." }, { "claim": "PX4 v1.18.0-rc1/Copter 4.7.1 are current releases", "verdict": "Time-dependent statement from 9 October 2026; do not transfer unchecked into the current overview." }, { "claim": "IEEE PDF 10122915 establishes PV segmentation", "verdict": "Retrieval failed with HTTP 418. Contents not verified in this research; do not declare a checked source.", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/10005208/10122915.pdf" } ] }, "controllerPrices": [ { "product": "Holybro Pixhawk 6C", "variant": "Plastic, without power module", "price": "US$199", "note": "2 IMUs, 1 barometer; with PM02: US$217.99.", "url": "https://holybro.com/products/pixhawk-6c", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22" }, { "product": "Holybro Pixhawk 6X", "variant": "Standard v2B with PM02D", "price": "US$422.99", "note": "3 IMUs, 2 barometers, Ethernet. FC module only: US$269, sold out when checked.", "url": "https://holybro.com/products/pixhawk-6x", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22" }, { "product": "Cube Orange+", "variant": "Module only", "price": "US$277", "note": "3 IMUs; carrier board and other system components required separately.", "url": "https://irlock.com/products/the-cube-orange-plus", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22" }, { "product": "Cube Orange+ Standard Set", "variant": "ADS-B carrier + Power Brick Mini", "price": "US$451", "note": "No GNSS in listed package. ADS-B does not detect windows, facades or people.", "url": "https://irlock.com/products/cube-orange-plus-standard-set", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22" }, { "product": "Jetson Orin Nano Super", "variant": "Developer Kit, manufacturer MSRP", "price": "US$399", "note": "Up to 67 TOPS, 7–25 W. Development computer; allow separately for cooling and power supply.", "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/faq", "checkedDate": "2026-10-22" } ], "rev8Summary": { "summary": "The current Ouster Rev8 family includes OS0, OS1, OS1 Max and OSDome. Models differ in range, field of view, channel count and integration budget. Manufacturer documentation lists OS2 as Rev7.", "improvements": [ "Native RGB-D colour on the sensor; colour and distance are generated together.", "OS0/OS1 claim twice the precision and accuracy of Rev7; up to 4096 horizontal samples and up to 40 Hz depending on mode.", "OS1 Max adds up to 256 channels and 200 m detection on 10% targets; robust housings and planned functional-safety features." ], "limits": [ "The claim of doubled range/resolution describes the family; specific models, scan modes and target reflectance remain decisive.", "An adjustable 0.0 m minimum distance does not guarantee accuracy at 0.5 m. Accuracy/precision testing in these datasheets applies beyond 1 m.", "1 mm distance resolution, 1σ precision and ± accuracy are separate quantities.", "IP68/IP69K describes housing protection with cable connected; it does not establish measurement through spray mist, droplets or on glass.", "Designed for functional safety does not establish completed certification or the safety of an entire cleaning drone.", "Measurement of sensor-to-nozzle offset, tilt, motion and control determine whether 50 cm ±5 cm is achieved; no datasheet guarantees it." ], "sources": [ { "title": "Ouster: current Rev8 product family", "url": "https://ouster.com/rev8" }, { "title": "Ouster OS0 Rev8: manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-os0.pdf" }, { "title": "Ouster OS1 Rev8: manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-os1.pdf" }, { "title": "Ouster OS1 Max Rev8: manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-os1-max.pdf" }, { "title": "Ouster OSDome Rev8: manufacturer datasheet v4.0", "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/datasheets/datasheet-rev8-v4p0-osdome.pdf" }, { "title": "Ouster: OS2 explicitly Rev7", "url": "https://static.ouster.dev/sensor-docs/hw_user_manual_OS2/hw_common_sections_OS2/os2-overview.html" } ] }, "catalogNotes": [ { "title": "Excluded: SF11/C is end of life and sold out", "detail": "Manufacturer states end of life on 31 October 2024. The displayed US$199 price is not an available new-product offer.", "url": "https://lightwarelidar.com/shop/sf11-c-100-m2/" }, { "title": "Excluded: Terabee Evo Mini / Evo 60m", "detail": "Manufacturer letter dated 23 May 2024 discontinues the entire distance-sensor range with immediate effect; do not base a new development project on it.", "url": "https://www.mouser.com/PCN/Terabee_Terabee_EOL_Letter_Evo_range___Mouser_Electronics.pdf" } ], "language": "en" }